Socio-cultural Processes and Livelihood Patterns at Tirurangadi - CDS

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Walking also involves an awareness of the links between one place and another. In a totally natural kind of terrain, without built roads, highways, bridges and other forms of links, walking means not only using an existing way but also finding a way, solving a topographical puzzle. This is a particular problem in a terrain where one has to move from one elevated region, a madu or hill to a slope and then cross a field, challi or even a stream to reach another slope or elevated region. Similarly the parambas or thotikas (which are generally habitation sites) form continuous chains, and we have to move from one paramba to another by crossing the parambas. Similar problems exist in the slopes, where the parambas are found in a terraced form. However, through constant use, pathways are formed between one paramba and another. It is possible that the path might have been part of a paramba, but the right to use it as a public road is accepted by the owner of the paramba. Now that almost all the parambas are separated by fences or compound walls, the paths or nirathth are separated. Nirathus are formed when one paramba is partitioned, when a common nirath is formed for different households in the paramba. Thus it was not difficult to find paths without gravel in elevated parambas and some of the areas where there was a steady descent into the low-lying regions. It was however, interesting to note several such paths could convert themselves into streams during rainy seasons, and the path of the stream cutting through rocky areas could make a nirath during summer. Sometimes it was difficult to follow such stream-paths; either the paths would have fallen into disuse because of the growth of an alternate way, or the erection of a compound wall would make the path disappear altogether The formation of such paths and lanes in the Peruvallur Panchayat is given below: Table XI Placename Paramba/field Path or lane Character
Placename Paramba/field Path or lane Character Kakkathadam Illathmad Ungungal Siddiqabad Varappara Puthurpatam Panjathmad Illathmad Thennatparamba Parakkalparamba Ammancheriparamba Patinjattuparamba Vadakkungaraparamba Eliyetathmad Chullilakundu Vatakkumparamba Pazhamkulamparamba Thavayil paramba Kuthirodathil Thoyangat patam Thalepurathparamba Alungalkandi Karalilparamba Puthurpatam Panjathmad Cholayilmadu Illathkunudu Thennat Parakkal Neettukuzhi Ammamncheri Illathmad- Ammancheri To vaniyamkulam To thadathil kundu To ayyappanchalil To kakkathadam Vadakkungara Eliyetathmad Chullilakundu Vatakkumparamba Pazhamkulam Mookkathilmad Thavayil Kuthirodathil Kommangat Thoyangat Polat Moothamburath Chembazhimad Thalepurath Alungalkandi Karalil Paramoothidavazhi Lane to the field Idavazhi Do Do Do Do Lane, there is also a stream Lane Footpath Footpath Footpath Footpath Footpath Lane Lane, footpath Lane Lane Footpath Lane Lane Lane Lane Lane Lane Lane Lane Footpath Footpath Lane Lane
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Socio-cultural Processes and Liveli
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karanavakkoottams and helping us wi
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Obligor Project Team Dr. P.P.Mohamm
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Socio-cultural processes and Liveli
Page 9 and 10: . CONTENTS I. Introduction 1 II. Hi
Page 11 and 12: XXXV Revenue Settlement of Parappan
Page 13 and 14: Socio-cultural processes and liveli
Page 15 and 16: particularly in rural areas like Ti
Page 17 and 18: Table II Population of Tirurangadi
Page 19 and 20: All these show that the tendencies
Page 21 and 22: as built environment by some geogra
Page 23 and 24: way seems to be to take the hard, b
Page 25 and 26: II History of the field work done b
Page 27 and 28: Chenganasseri(Kottayam), Kunninmel(
Page 29 and 30: cultural artifacts also, such as ar
Page 31 and 32: and one is controlled by the LDF. T
Page 33 and 34: The research team had decided that
Page 35 and 36: of the survey. Since it was a sampl
Page 37 and 38: Preliminaries III Walking Tiruranga
Page 39 and 40: identify some features of naming. N
Page 41 and 42: Chengani Nadukkara Parampil peetika
Page 43 and 44: Table VI Place name Paramba Kavu Ow
Page 45 and 46: Transformation of the pristine para
Page 47 and 48: As an illustration of this process,
Page 49 and 50: pond in a pallyal, and the stored w
Page 51 and 52: Perunthodu have suffered the same f
Page 53 and 54: Chelari Table VIII Place name Name
Page 55 and 56: The transformation is illustrated b
Page 57 and 58: have been traditionally used for im
Page 59: one or two features of the observat
Page 63 and 64: The situation is different in the l
Page 65 and 66: such as Amalpori, Neela amari, Umma
Page 67 and 68: cleared) and old house- sites, such
Page 69 and 70: Apart from the large trees, a numbe
Page 71 and 72: Added to this is the change occurri
Page 73 and 74: stop, school, and so on. In an agra
Page 75 and 76: house-sites. Interestingly a large
Page 77 and 78: members of the family stay in the o
Page 79 and 80: an all-inclusive structure with res
Page 81 and 82: The implications of this rapidly sp
Page 83 and 84: Alameen nagar Koyappayil Paramba Ki
Page 85 and 86: Market centers Observations on the
Page 87 and 88: Panchayat Placename Market centre f
Page 89 and 90: Olipramkadavu to kadakkattupara in
Page 91 and 92: flourished even a generation before
Page 93 and 94: has been a major transformation in
Page 95 and 96: The equally important feature is th
Page 97 and 98: karimkutti, Gulikan, muththappan, k
Page 99 and 100: Source: Field diaries, Vallikkunnu
Page 101 and 102: Day ten Day eleven Day twelve Day t
Page 103 and 104: with khabr. Srambis are seen virtua
Page 105 and 106: y the early half of 19 th century,
Page 107 and 108: shops being brought down within a f
Page 109 and 110: Larger temples are fewer in number
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possibly the sea could enter and wo
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Thenhippalam 10* 6 3 1** University
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Nannambra 2 20 * indicates only gen
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The response to education and healt
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they are able to do it, is another
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enthusiasm was not shown by middle
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Peruvallur Munniyur Nannambra Parap
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kolkali gurukkal in the area. Now k
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field area. There are kalapoottu ka
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eported, such as mullanmada in Vall
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IV Tirurangadi-Historical and Cultu
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(randuteru) and Chelari as examples
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However, the first indication a pol
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Ariyallur and Nirakaithakotta templ
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included families such as kizhakkin
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conducted by five tharas, kuroortha
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areas show the presence of the Naha
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mention migrations from Tanur, Vail
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appears to have been relatively les
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They were settlements of cultivator
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The British army was led by Col.Har
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distances, are too numerous to be d
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the Rajas of Beypore, Parappanad an
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to the landlord was only possible o
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e replaced by other cash crops prim
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there was no effort to convert them
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are extensively cultivated. The ele
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these privileges were used against
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the great disparities in the agrari
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Nannambra 881 4481 1432(31.96) 3049
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upees above 1000acres - 1 - - - 1 0
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in Parappanangadi held most of the
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Desam Total Assessed Land(in acres
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centre. Along with the mosques, the
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British as the most dangerous to th
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emoving the blouse, Panikkar had he
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carried off the bodies and buried t
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autonomous spaces. Spiritual work t
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one. The Thangals were seen as the
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open. Sayyid Fasl’s son Sayyid Hy
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The railroad also brought about cha
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logged areas. Old working women als
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Malabar Rebellion in Tirurangadi It
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Fasli Rice (second sort) 1313 1314
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It is not surprising that the repre
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escaped. Ali Musaliar was sentenced
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widespread in the region. We should
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cooperation movement and the subseq
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Survey 1905 1935 Total No. of holdi
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Survey 1905 1935 Total no. of holdi
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The information given above can now
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Crop Variety Trikkulam Desam Parapp
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cultivation which does not require
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In the case of Tirurangadi, even th
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away from their homes. They were al
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opening of a number of ‘Mappila
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eligious instruction apart from lea
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profile of the people they were dea
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Keranallur thodu or Connolly thodu.
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job of burying the corpses. The inf
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second the emergence of he Muslim l
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The incident of Sayyid Ali is revea
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people were the most manifest. Afte
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indication of this is shown by the
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in favor of a compromise with the d
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egulated by the Mahal Committee. Th
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Pakistan or India, and he chose Ind
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Illiterate 26533 40533 13796 19590
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others 12 37 Source: Census of 1951
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Kaprat family has left the place, a
Page 251 and 252:
The data given in table LV shows th
Page 253 and 254:
Peruvallur 3270 (43.97) (4.49) (25.
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their labor resources in the area w
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like thekkan, otiyan, nayaru, vella
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egan to be used, primary because
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problems in continuing as farmers,
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the gradual spread of rented holdin
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animal husbandry of this kind has r
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So it is clear that although land r
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stores, TV showrooms and repair sho
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are prepared to spend on the work.
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number of computer institutes. Lite
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Major section Domestic Agricultural
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programme called Akshaya project, w
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and an ordinary housewife to have a
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The growth of the religious space h
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who are more educated, as the passp
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migrations to different parts of In
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scale chanthas of the kind of Tirur
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was reconstituted into Thenhippalam
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Table LXIX Sectors Plan funds Plan
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also available. A more detailed wat
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higher than either Bharatapuzha or
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hence are rendered useless. The rai
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Type of agricultural Product Paddy(
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Disappearance of the thodus, mentio
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Munniyur 645 1881 2526 438 761 1199
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sustained them. This destruction of
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subsist in the area of servicing. E
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the ‘modern’ cult of Gold, whic
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The trends seem to be clear. The de
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Pattasseri, Palakkad, Chonari, Anch
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determined by the floating middle c
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consumerist tendency outlined above
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deprived sections favor the surviva
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already saw that majority of the su
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never create a system of production
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alternative to be developed will be
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planting of mangroves, kaitha, paya
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the planning of wetlands should con
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women, it is possible to argue that
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laboring groups become the central
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experimented during the People’s
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VI Conclusion and Major Findings Th
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Religious faith thus complements th
Page 341 and 342:
Abdul Sattar, K.K.Mohammed, History
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Thenhippalam Grama Panchayat, Do Ti
Page 345 and 346:
I Panchayat Public Library Reading
Page 347 and 348:
Village Manufacturing household Oth
Page 349 and 350:
Bullocks He- buffaloes cows Bulls&
Page 351:
Pathan - - - - - - - - Other mohamm
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Socio-cultural Processes and Livelihood Patterns at Tirurangadi - CDS

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