Socio-cultural Processes and Livelihood Patterns at Tirurangadi - CDS

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planning campaign and now computer literacy and its agenda has not been significantly different from that of the Left Parties which have initiated such campaigns. For example, Muslim league was in the forefront of the total literacy campaign in the District, and was enthusiastic in maintaining the Continuous Education Centers, but the democratization process associated with spread of literacy is not visible in the areas. Adult education centers have been instrumental in enabling the neo-literates to keep pace with requirements of a commercial society facilitated by gulf remittances, and adult education is mainly to solve the problem of passport regulation by giving them equivalent education to SSLC. People’s planning campaign has also been taken up enthusiastically, but attention paid productive sectors, such as agriculture has been less than that paid to the service sector. This is shown by the following information on the People’s Planning campaign for Tirurangadi Block.
Table LXIX Sectors Plan funds Plan proposals Own funds Beneficiary portion Total No. of beneficiaries Expenditure Agriculture 13393500 260000 3053108 16706608 2876 8304538 & allied (49.71) Industry 169000 10000 233000 412000 0 285000 (69.17) Services 19147485 4712551 7161440 31021476 1544 18333280 (59.10) Total 32709985 4982551 10447548 48140084 4420 26922818 (55.93) SCP 471052 1392138 380000 6482890 66 3372140 (52.01) Infrastructure 13871603 2294510 108000 16274113 54 11774800 sector (72.35) The above figures show that the expenditure on the primary sector has been the least in the region and the expenditure on the infrastructures the most. Perhaps the most impressive among such activities has been the effort to bring drinking water to elevated regions (which has now been taken over by Jalanidhi). Many of the wells are useless and the taps do not have water, that there was a serious thought to the problem is clear. Another major area of the Panchayats is the formation of the self help groups under Kutumbasree. A large number of groups have been organized, but many of them have been dysfunctional. Often the primary objective appears to be to organize women under the credit system, but rarely to bring them into serious productive labor. Stigma against productive labour, typical of a commercial consumer oriented society, along with social and religious restrictions on the mobility of women, has worked against the development of kutumbasree as powerful productive units. The absence of an effective distribution system has been another disabling factor. Hence the units are mainly functioning as systems of micro credit, and treated as such to benefit the respective clientele sections by the Panchayats. The political leaders of the region are great patrons of Information Technology, primarily for its commercial and multimedia potential than its role in production and research and also because of its use as the communication channel with
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Socio-cultural Processes and Liveli
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karanavakkoottams and helping us wi
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Obligor Project Team Dr. P.P.Mohamm
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Socio-cultural processes and Liveli
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. CONTENTS I. Introduction 1 II. Hi
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XXXV Revenue Settlement of Parappan
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Socio-cultural processes and liveli
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particularly in rural areas like Ti
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Table II Population of Tirurangadi
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All these show that the tendencies
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as built environment by some geogra
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way seems to be to take the hard, b
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II History of the field work done b
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Chenganasseri(Kottayam), Kunninmel(
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cultural artifacts also, such as ar
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and one is controlled by the LDF. T
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The research team had decided that
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of the survey. Since it was a sampl
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Preliminaries III Walking Tiruranga
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identify some features of naming. N
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Chengani Nadukkara Parampil peetika
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Table VI Place name Paramba Kavu Ow
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Transformation of the pristine para
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As an illustration of this process,
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pond in a pallyal, and the stored w
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Perunthodu have suffered the same f
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Chelari Table VIII Place name Name
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The transformation is illustrated b
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have been traditionally used for im
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one or two features of the observat
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Placename Paramba/field Path or lan
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The situation is different in the l
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such as Amalpori, Neela amari, Umma
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cleared) and old house- sites, such
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Apart from the large trees, a numbe
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Added to this is the change occurri
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stop, school, and so on. In an agra
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house-sites. Interestingly a large
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members of the family stay in the o
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an all-inclusive structure with res
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The implications of this rapidly sp
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Alameen nagar Koyappayil Paramba Ki
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Market centers Observations on the
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Panchayat Placename Market centre f
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Olipramkadavu to kadakkattupara in
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flourished even a generation before
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has been a major transformation in
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The equally important feature is th
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karimkutti, Gulikan, muththappan, k
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Source: Field diaries, Vallikkunnu
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Day ten Day eleven Day twelve Day t
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with khabr. Srambis are seen virtua
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y the early half of 19 th century,
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shops being brought down within a f
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Larger temples are fewer in number
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possibly the sea could enter and wo
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Thenhippalam 10* 6 3 1** University
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Nannambra 2 20 * indicates only gen
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The response to education and healt
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they are able to do it, is another
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enthusiasm was not shown by middle
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Peruvallur Munniyur Nannambra Parap
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kolkali gurukkal in the area. Now k
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field area. There are kalapoottu ka
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eported, such as mullanmada in Vall
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IV Tirurangadi-Historical and Cultu
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(randuteru) and Chelari as examples
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However, the first indication a pol
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Ariyallur and Nirakaithakotta templ
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included families such as kizhakkin
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conducted by five tharas, kuroortha
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areas show the presence of the Naha
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mention migrations from Tanur, Vail
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appears to have been relatively les
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They were settlements of cultivator
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The British army was led by Col.Har
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distances, are too numerous to be d
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the Rajas of Beypore, Parappanad an
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to the landlord was only possible o
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e replaced by other cash crops prim
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there was no effort to convert them
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are extensively cultivated. The ele
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these privileges were used against
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the great disparities in the agrari
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Nannambra 881 4481 1432(31.96) 3049
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upees above 1000acres - 1 - - - 1 0
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in Parappanangadi held most of the
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Desam Total Assessed Land(in acres
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centre. Along with the mosques, the
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British as the most dangerous to th
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emoving the blouse, Panikkar had he
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carried off the bodies and buried t
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autonomous spaces. Spiritual work t
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one. The Thangals were seen as the
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open. Sayyid Fasl’s son Sayyid Hy
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The railroad also brought about cha
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logged areas. Old working women als
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Malabar Rebellion in Tirurangadi It
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Fasli Rice (second sort) 1313 1314
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It is not surprising that the repre
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escaped. Ali Musaliar was sentenced
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widespread in the region. We should
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cooperation movement and the subseq
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Survey 1905 1935 Total No. of holdi
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Survey 1905 1935 Total no. of holdi
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The information given above can now
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Crop Variety Trikkulam Desam Parapp
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cultivation which does not require
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In the case of Tirurangadi, even th
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away from their homes. They were al
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opening of a number of ‘Mappila
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eligious instruction apart from lea
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profile of the people they were dea
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Keranallur thodu or Connolly thodu.
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job of burying the corpses. The inf
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second the emergence of he Muslim l
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The incident of Sayyid Ali is revea
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people were the most manifest. Afte
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indication of this is shown by the
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Page 241 and 242: egulated by the Mahal Committee. Th
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Page 245 and 246: Illiterate 26533 40533 13796 19590
Page 247 and 248: others 12 37 Source: Census of 1951
Page 249 and 250: Kaprat family has left the place, a
Page 251 and 252: The data given in table LV shows th
Page 253 and 254: Peruvallur 3270 (43.97) (4.49) (25.
Page 255 and 256: their labor resources in the area w
Page 257 and 258: like thekkan, otiyan, nayaru, vella
Page 259 and 260: egan to be used, primary because
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Page 263 and 264: the gradual spread of rented holdin
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Page 267 and 268: So it is clear that although land r
Page 269 and 270: stores, TV showrooms and repair sho
Page 271 and 272: are prepared to spend on the work.
Page 273 and 274: number of computer institutes. Lite
Page 275 and 276: Major section Domestic Agricultural
Page 277 and 278: programme called Akshaya project, w
Page 279 and 280: and an ordinary housewife to have a
Page 281 and 282: The growth of the religious space h
Page 283 and 284: who are more educated, as the passp
Page 285 and 286: migrations to different parts of In
Page 287 and 288: scale chanthas of the kind of Tirur
Page 289: was reconstituted into Thenhippalam
Page 293 and 294: also available. A more detailed wat
Page 295 and 296: higher than either Bharatapuzha or
Page 297 and 298: hence are rendered useless. The rai
Page 299 and 300: Type of agricultural Product Paddy(
Page 301 and 302: Disappearance of the thodus, mentio
Page 303 and 304: Munniyur 645 1881 2526 438 761 1199
Page 305 and 306: sustained them. This destruction of
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Page 311 and 312: The trends seem to be clear. The de
Page 313 and 314: Pattasseri, Palakkad, Chonari, Anch
Page 315 and 316: determined by the floating middle c
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Page 325 and 326: alternative to be developed will be
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Page 331 and 332: women, it is possible to argue that
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Page 335 and 336: experimented during the People’s
Page 337 and 338: VI Conclusion and Major Findings Th
Page 339 and 340: Religious faith thus complements th
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Abdul Sattar, K.K.Mohammed, History
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Thenhippalam Grama Panchayat, Do Ti
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I Panchayat Public Library Reading
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Village Manufacturing household Oth
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Bullocks He- buffaloes cows Bulls&
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Pathan - - - - - - - - Other mohamm
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Socio-cultural Processes and Livelihood Patterns at Tirurangadi - CDS

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