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105 FREQUENT ABBREVIATIONS AND INITIALISMS
Table 17.1 continued
DF distinctive feature
DG dependency grammar
DO direct object
DP determiner phrase
ECP Empty Category Principle
EFL English as a foreign language
ELT English language teaching
EME Early Modern English
ESL English as a second language
FLOB Freiburg-Lancaster-Oslo-Bergen (a corpus parallel to the LOB corpus
collected in Freiburg)
GA General American
GB Government and Binding
GPSG Generalised Phrase-Structure Grammar
GVS great vowel shift
HPSG Head-driven Phrase-Structure Grammar
Hz Hertz
IA item and arrangement
IC immediate constituent
ICE International Corpus of English
IDLP immediate dominance, linear precedence
IE Indo-European
IO indirect object
IP item and process; inflection phrase; intonational phrase
IPA International Phonetic Association; International Phonetic Alphabet
LAD language acquisition device
LAGB Linguistics Association of Great Britain
LAS language acquisition system
LF logical form
LFG Lexical Functional Grammar
LOB Lancaster-Oslo-Bergen (a corpus collected in those centres)
LSA Linguistic Society of America
LSP Language for Special (or Specific) Purposes
ME Middle English
MF Middle French
MHG Middle High German
MIT Massachusetts Institute of Technology, hence the linguistics associated with
the institution, especially through Chomsky
MLU mean length of utterance
MP morphophoneme, morphophonemic
NLP natural language processing
NP noun phrase
OCP Obligatory Contour Principle
OCS Old Church Slavonic
OE Old English
OED The Oxford English Dictionary
OF Old French
OHG Old High German