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THE LINGUISTICS STUDENT’S HANDBOOK 214
1. ignore them completely;
2. include them, but use the minimum number of capital letters in
them;
3. include them all, capitalising just as you did in the main title.
Subtitles may be useful in some instances (for example, in distinguishing
between the various books called Phonology or Morphology). Mainly they are
intended as some kind of clarification of the approach or content for the reader,
and the main title alone will be sufficient for identification.
If you are listing titles in alphabetical order, e.g. when giving lists of dictionaries,
you should omit the words a, an, the from the bit you alphabetise:
‘Oxford English Dictionary, The . . .’.
Very occasionally, you may find some item which has been given no title.
Such an item may be listed as ‘Untitled’.
Place of publication
The place of publication should always be a city, never a country or a state or a
province or a county. Publishers, who once inhabited the larger cities, have in
recent times been fleeing to the country for cheaper accommodation, with the
result that some quite small places may be the seat of some major publishers.
Nevertheless, that is the place that should be cited.
You must take care to cite the place of publication and not the place of printing.
The publishers are the people who take the financial risk of issuing the
book, arrange for its distribution and lend it their imprint as a quality mark; the
printers contract to put the text on paper. In these days of globalisation, a work
published in London may be printed in Hong Kong, so it is important to get
the right place. Printers very often put their address on works they print as well
as the publisher’s name, so confusion can arise.
Where a publisher has branches in two cities (usually, but not always, in
different countries) you should cite both cities: Chicago and London, Berlin
and New York, Amsterdam and Philadelphia. Where the publisher has
branches in more than two cities, you have a choice:
1. cite all of them; this is rare;
2. cite the first and then put ‘etc.’ as in (5); this is becoming less
frequent;
3. cite only the first city; this is becoming the most usual solution.
As with so many of these things, publishers may take a decision for you,
but left to yourself, you should be consistent with whichever solution you
adopt.