Laurie Bauer - WordPress.com — Get a Free Blog Here

More documents

Recommendations

Info

135 READING PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY Table 21.2 Non-IPA symbols in <strong>com</strong>mon use Bilabial Labio-dental Dental Alveolar Post-alveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyngeal Glottal Plosive t. d. ky gy g . q k� g� 7 Affricate c � � ¢ ch j �. Nasal n. ñ ng ny Trill r � r� Tap or flap D� r. r Fricative b� þ d� � � s. z. kh g� χ . γ . h. ʋ δ sh zh j x Lateral fricative Approximant r. y Lateral approximant l. ly Notes: Symbols under each other in the same slot have the same meaning. Other symbols IPA symbol ɥ d� d� Non-IPA variants w� d n d l
THE LINGUISTICS STUDENT’S HANDBOOK 136 ü ö Symbols with circles round them indicate rounded vowels. Figure 21.1 Non-IPA symbol for vowels c There are far fewer vowel symbols to worry about. They are presented in Figure 21.1. Note the generalisation that where an umlaut in IPA notation means ‘centralised’ (i.e. moved closer to the centre line on the IPA vowel chart), in non-IPA transcriptions it is used to mark a front vowel (following the use made of it in the national spelling systems used for German, Swedish and Finnish, for example). Note that here, as with the consonants in table 21.2, the value of a given symbol may not be clear without some description of the segment involved. Stress is frequently marked with an acute accent for primary stress and a grave accent for secondary stress: [sékəndèri]. References Brink, Lars, Jørn Lund, Steffen Heger & J. Normann Jørgensen (1991). Den Store Danske Udtaleordbog. København: Munksgaard. IPA (1949). The Principles of the International Phonetic Association. London: IPA. � U, �
Page 1 and 2:
The Linguistics Student's Handbook
Page 3 and 4:
‘Laurie Bauer’s Handbook is a t
Page 5 and 6:
© Laurie Bauer, 2007 Edinburgh Uni
Page 7 and 8:
THE LINGUISTICS STUDENT’S HANDBOO
Page 9 and 10:
Page 12:
Part I: Some fundamentals of lingui
Page 15 and 16:
Page 17 and 18:
Page 19 and 20:
Page 21 and 22:
Page 23 and 24:
Page 25 and 26:
Page 27 and 28:
Page 29 and 30:
Page 31 and 32:
Page 33 and 34:
Page 35 and 36:
Page 37 and 38:
Page 39 and 40:
Page 41 and 42:
Page 43 and 44:
Page 45 and 46:
Page 47 and 48:
Page 49 and 50:
Page 51 and 52:
Page 53 and 54:
Page 55 and 56:
Page 57 and 58:
Page 59 and 60:
Page 61 and 62:
Page 63 and 64:
Page 65 and 66:
Page 67 and 68:
Page 69 and 70:
Page 71 and 72:
Page 73 and 74:
Page 75 and 76:
11 Binarity Binarity is, in effect,
Page 77 and 78:
Page 79 and 80:
12 Trees It is a fundamental of lin
Page 81 and 82:
Page 83 and 84:
Page 85 and 86:
Page 87 and 88:
14 Native speaker The native speake
Page 89 and 90:
Page 91 and 92:
Page 93 and 94:
Page 95 and 96: THE LINGUISTICS STUDENT’S HANDBOO
Page 106 and 107: 16 Notational conventions Linguisti
Page 108 and 109: 97 NOTATIONAL CONVENTIONS Given the
Page 110 and 111: 99 NOTATIONAL CONVENTIONS (. ..) Th
Page 112 and 113: 101 NOTATIONAL CONVENTIONS use it a
Page 114 and 115: 103 NOTATIONAL CONVENTIONS Table 16
Page 116 and 117: 105 FREQUENT ABBREVIATIONS AND INIT
Page 118 and 119: 18 Terminology: ambiguity There are
Page 120 and 121: 109 TERMINOLOGY: AMBIGUITY Table 18
Page 128 and 129: 117 TERMINOLOGY: SYNONYMY Table 19.
Page 134: 123 TERMINOLOGY: SYNONYMY Table 19.
Page 138 and 139: 20 The International Phonetic Assoc
Page 140 and 141: 129 THE INTERNATIONAL PHONETIC ASSO
Page 142 and 143: 21 Reading phonetics and phonology
Page 144 and 145: 133 READING PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY
Page 148 and 149: 22 Foreign expressions Although few
Page 150 and 151: 23 Letters, accents and diacritics
Page 152 and 153: 141 LETTERS, ACCENTS AND DIACRITICS
Page 154 and 155: 143 JOURNALS Table 24.1 Linguistics
Page 156 and 157: 145 JOURNALS Table 24.1 continued L
Page 158 and 159: 25 Linguists’ names It can someti
Page 160 and 161: 149 LINGUISTS’ NAMES Table 25.1 c
Page 162 and 163: 151 LAWS AND PRINCIPLES An anaphor
Page 164 and 165: 153 LAWS AND PRINCIPLES Head Moveme
Page 166 and 167: 155 LAWS AND PRINCIPLES Neogrammari
Page 168 and 169: 157 LAWS AND PRINCIPLES Sapir-Whorf
Page 170 and 171: 159 LAWS AND PRINCIPLES Verner’s
Page 172 and 173: 161 LAWS AND PRINCIPLES Kiparsky, P
Page 174 and 175: 163 STATISTICS in British English,
Page 176 and 177: 165 STATISTICS means giving a known
Page 178 and 179: 167 STATISTICS numbers do not add u
Page 180 and 181: 169 STATISTICS in twenty. So p < 0.
Page 182 and 183: 28 Some on-line resources for lingu
Page 184: 173 SOME ON-LINE RESOURCES FOR LING
Page 188 and 189: 29 Essay writing Many of the assign
Page 190 and 191: 179 ESSAY WRITING for your sections
Page 192 and 193: 181 ESSAY WRITING 4.3 Affricate 4.4
Page 194 and 195: 183 ESSAY WRITING theses, it is pro
Page 196 and 197:
30 Glosses Glosses are the interlin
Page 198 and 199:
187 GLOSSES There are standard list
Page 200 and 201:
189 GLOSSES References Foley, Willi
Page 202 and 203:
191 USE VERSUS MENTION (3) The suff
Page 204 and 205:
193 REIFICATION Turns of phrase lik
Page 206 and 207:
33 Spelling As linguists we know th
Page 208:
Part V: Bibliographies
Page 211 and 212:
Page 213 and 214:
Page 215 and 216:
Page 217 and 218:
Page 219 and 220:
35 Reference lists Reference lists
Page 221 and 222:
Page 223 and 224:
Page 225 and 226:
Page 227 and 228:
Page 229 and 230:
Page 232 and 233:
Language file In this last part of
Page 234 and 235:
223 LANGUAGE FILE the initial aspir
Page 236 and 237:
225 LANGUAGE FILE Marked vowel type
Page 238 and 239:
227 LANGUAGE FILE Points of interes
Page 240 and 241:
229 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Ain
Page 242 and 243:
231 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Amh
Page 244 and 245:
233 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Ara
Page 246 and 247:
235 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Arr
Page 248 and 249:
237 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Ben
Page 250 and 251:
239 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Bon
Page 252 and 253:
241 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Bur
Page 254 and 255:
243 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Can
Page 256 and 257:
245 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Cat
Page 258 and 259:
247 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Chi
Page 260 and 261:
249 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Chu
Page 262 and 263:
251 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Cro
Page 264 and 265:
253 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Dan
Page 266 and 267:
255 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Din
Page 268 and 269:
257 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Dyi
Page 270 and 271:
259 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Err
Page 272 and 273:
261 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Ewe
Page 274 and 275:
263 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Fin
Page 276 and 277:
265 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Ful
Page 278 and 279:
267 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Geo
Page 280 and 281:
269 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Gre
Page 282 and 283:
271 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Guu
Page 284 and 285:
273 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Hau
Page 286 and 287:
275 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Hin
Page 288 and 289:
277 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Hun
Page 290 and 291:
279 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Ilo
Page 292 and 293:
281 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Jac
Page 294 and 295:
283 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Kam
Page 296 and 297:
285 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Kar
Page 298 and 299:
287 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Kil
Page 300 and 301:
289 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Kob
Page 302 and 303:
291 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Kor
Page 304 and 305:
293 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Kwa
Page 306 and 307:
295 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Len
Page 308 and 309:
297 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Mac
Page 310 and 311:
299 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Mal
Page 312 and 313:
301 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Mam
Page 314 and 315:
303 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Mar
Page 316 and 317:
305 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Mei
Page 318 and 319:
307 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Mix
Page 320 and 321:
309 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Nah
Page 322 and 323:
311 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Ndy
Page 324 and 325:
313 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Niu
Page 326 and 327:
315 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Nor
Page 328 and 329:
317 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Oro
Page 330 and 331:
319 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Pan
Page 332 and 333:
321 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Pim
Page 334 and 335:
323 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Pom
Page 336 and 337:
325 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Qui
Page 338 and 339:
327 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Rom
Page 340 and 341:
329 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Sam
Page 342 and 343:
331 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Ser
Page 344 and 345:
333 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Sin
Page 346 and 347:
335 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Slo
Page 348 and 349:
337 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Spa
Page 350 and 351:
339 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Swa
Page 352 and 353:
341 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Tak
Page 354 and 355:
343 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Tha
Page 356 and 357:
345 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Tiw
Page 358 and 359:
347 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Tok
Page 360 and 361:
349 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Tru
Page 362 and 363:
351 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Tur
Page 364 and 365:
353 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Tzo
Page 366 and 367:
355 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Uru
Page 368 and 369:
357 LANGUAGE FILE Language name War
Page 370 and 371:
359 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Wel
Page 372 and 373:
361 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Wol
Page 374 and 375:
363 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Yid
Page 376 and 377:
365 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Zap
Page 378 and 379:
367 LANGUAGE FILE Language name !X
Page 380 and 381:
369 LANGUAGE FILE Bauer, Winifred (
Page 382 and 383:
371 LANGUAGE FILE Crazzolara, J. P.
Page 384 and 385:
373 LANGUAGE FILE Gruzdeva, Ekatari
Page 386 and 387:
375 LANGUAGE FILE Klamer, Marian (2
Page 388 and 389:
377 LANGUAGE FILE Mintz, Malcolm W.
Page 390 and 391:
379 LANGUAGE FILE Rothstein, Robert
Page 392 and 393:
381 LANGUAGE FILE Wälchli, Bernhar
Page 394 and 395:
383 INDEX cliché, 13 closed class,
Page 396 and 397:
385 INDEX micron, 140 minimal pair,
Page 398:
387 INDEX theta-criterion, 158 thor
show all

Laurie Bauer - WordPress.com — Get a Free Blog Here

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?