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217 REFERENCE LISTS be more explicit and in case a particular library has not bound the parts together. The next most likely pattern is that each bound fascicule is given its own number (sometimes called things like ‘Number 134’). These numbers may be assigned to a date (e.g. October, 2001; Spring, 2002; 26 October–1 November 2002). You should always give the number, and usually give the date as well if there is one. Put the date in parentheses. Lastly, you may find something which has no volume number or part number, but just a date. This is typically true of newspapers, for example. <strong>Here</strong> you should give the date. If you meet any other exceptional circumstances, give enough information for your reader to be able to identify the correct bound item. Page numbers Page numbers are usually self-explanatory. If you are citing a newspaper you may have to give the section as well as the page (e.g. ‘C45’) and, particularly in older newspapers, you may have to give the column number (e.g. ‘col. 4’). If there are no page numbers, then you can write ‘Unpaginated’. When you are citing an extended discussion from someone’s work, the usual thing is to give the beginning page and the final page of the discussion: ‘Smith (2000: 94–105)’, for example. You will sometimes see the notation ‘Smith (2000: 94f)’ or ‘Smith (2000: 94ff)’, where ‘f ’ stands for ‘following (page)’ and ‘ff’ means ‘following (pages)’. The first of these is equivalent to ‘Smith (2000: 94–5)’. The second is inexplicit, since it does not say how many following pages the discussion is spread over (just that it is more than one), and should be avoided unless the discussion has an unclear ending point. While you will need to recognise this notation, you should use it extremely sparingly. In brief The idea with a reference is to make it easy for a reader who wants to look at awork you cite to find that work in a good library. The information you provide should be sufficient for anyone to do this (or to ask to interloan the item if it is not in their library). So you should always try to give enough information for it to be totally unambiguous where the work is to be found. You should also do this in a consistent manner, giving similar information for similar types of work, so that your reader knows what to expect. For more detail on any of the topics covered here, see The Chicago Manual of Style.
THE LINGUISTICS STUDENT’S HANDBOOK 218 References Alkire, Leland G. (ed.) (2001). Periodical Title Abbreviations. 13th edn. Detroit, etc.: Gale. Chicago Manual of Style, The (1993 [1906]). 14th edn. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.
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The Linguistics Student's Handbook
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© Laurie Bauer, 2007 Edinburgh Uni
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THE LINGUISTICS STUDENT’S HANDBOO
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Part I: Some fundamentals of lingui
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11 Binarity Binarity is, in effect,
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12 Trees It is a fundamental of lin
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14 Native speaker The native speake
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16 Notational conventions Linguisti
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97 NOTATIONAL CONVENTIONS Given the
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99 NOTATIONAL CONVENTIONS (. ..) Th
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101 NOTATIONAL CONVENTIONS use it a
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103 NOTATIONAL CONVENTIONS Table 16
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105 FREQUENT ABBREVIATIONS AND INIT
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18 Terminology: ambiguity There are
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109 TERMINOLOGY: AMBIGUITY Table 18
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117 TERMINOLOGY: SYNONYMY Table 19.
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20 The International Phonetic Assoc
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129 THE INTERNATIONAL PHONETIC ASSO
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21 Reading phonetics and phonology
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133 READING PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY
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135 READING PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY
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22 Foreign expressions Although few
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23 Letters, accents and diacritics
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141 LETTERS, ACCENTS AND DIACRITICS
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143 JOURNALS Table 24.1 Linguistics
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145 JOURNALS Table 24.1 continued L
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25 Linguists’ names It can someti
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149 LINGUISTS’ NAMES Table 25.1 c
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151 LAWS AND PRINCIPLES An anaphor
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153 LAWS AND PRINCIPLES Head Moveme
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155 LAWS AND PRINCIPLES Neogrammari
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157 LAWS AND PRINCIPLES Sapir-Whorf
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159 LAWS AND PRINCIPLES Verner’s
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161 LAWS AND PRINCIPLES Kiparsky, P
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163 STATISTICS in British English,
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165 STATISTICS means giving a known
Page 178 and 179: 167 STATISTICS numbers do not add u
Page 180 and 181: 169 STATISTICS in twenty. So p < 0.
Page 182 and 183: 28 Some on-line resources for lingu
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Page 188 and 189: 29 Essay writing Many of the assign
Page 190 and 191: 179 ESSAY WRITING for your sections
Page 192 and 193: 181 ESSAY WRITING 4.3 Affricate 4.4
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Page 196 and 197: 30 Glosses Glosses are the interlin
Page 198 and 199: 187 GLOSSES There are standard list
Page 200 and 201: 189 GLOSSES References Foley, Willi
Page 202 and 203: 191 USE VERSUS MENTION (3) The suff
Page 204 and 205: 193 REIFICATION Turns of phrase lik
Page 206 and 207: 33 Spelling As linguists we know th
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Page 234 and 235: 223 LANGUAGE FILE the initial aspir
Page 236 and 237: 225 LANGUAGE FILE Marked vowel type
Page 238 and 239: 227 LANGUAGE FILE Points of interes
Page 240 and 241: 229 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Ain
Page 242 and 243: 231 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Amh
Page 244 and 245: 233 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Ara
Page 246 and 247: 235 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Arr
Page 248 and 249: 237 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Ben
Page 250 and 251: 239 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Bon
Page 252 and 253: 241 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Bur
Page 254 and 255: 243 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Can
Page 256 and 257: 245 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Cat
Page 258 and 259: 247 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Chi
Page 260 and 261: 249 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Chu
Page 262 and 263: 251 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Cro
Page 264 and 265: 253 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Dan
Page 266 and 267: 255 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Din
Page 268 and 269: 257 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Dyi
Page 270 and 271: 259 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Err
Page 272 and 273: 261 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Ewe
Page 274 and 275: 263 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Fin
Page 276 and 277: 265 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Ful
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267 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Geo
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269 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Gre
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271 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Guu
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273 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Hau
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275 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Hin
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277 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Hun
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279 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Ilo
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281 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Jac
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283 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Kam
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285 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Kar
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287 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Kil
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289 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Kob
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291 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Kor
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293 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Kwa
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295 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Len
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297 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Mac
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299 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Mal
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301 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Mam
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303 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Mar
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305 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Mei
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307 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Mix
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309 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Nah
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311 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Ndy
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313 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Niu
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315 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Nor
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317 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Oro
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319 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Pan
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321 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Pim
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323 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Pom
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325 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Qui
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327 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Rom
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329 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Sam
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331 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Ser
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333 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Sin
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335 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Slo
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337 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Spa
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339 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Swa
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341 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Tak
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343 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Tha
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345 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Tiw
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347 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Tok
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349 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Tru
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351 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Tur
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353 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Tzo
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355 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Uru
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357 LANGUAGE FILE Language name War
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359 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Wel
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361 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Wol
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363 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Yid
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365 LANGUAGE FILE Language name Zap
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367 LANGUAGE FILE Language name !X
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369 LANGUAGE FILE Bauer, Winifred (
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371 LANGUAGE FILE Crazzolara, J. P.
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373 LANGUAGE FILE Gruzdeva, Ekatari
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375 LANGUAGE FILE Klamer, Marian (2
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377 LANGUAGE FILE Mintz, Malcolm W.
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379 LANGUAGE FILE Rothstein, Robert
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381 LANGUAGE FILE Wälchli, Bernhar
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383 INDEX cliché, 13 closed class,
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385 INDEX micron, 140 minimal pair,
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387 INDEX theta-criterion, 158 thor
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