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151 LAWS AND PRINCIPLES
An anaphor refers to a reflexive or reciprocal pronoun, a pronominal to
any other pronoun, and an R-expression to a nominal which is not a
pronoun. Each of these three types of category has an empty category
counterpart.
Complex Noun Phrase Constraint
See Island constraints.
Coordinate Structure Constraint
See Island constraints.
Elsewhere Condition
Kiparsky (1973: 94) formulates the Elsewhere Condition as follows:
Two adjacent rules of the form
A → B / P __ Q
C → D / R __ S
are disjunctively ordered if and only if:
(a) the set of strings that fit PAQ is a subset of the set of strings that fit
RCS, and
(b) the structural changes of the two rules are either identical or
incompatible.
Kiparsky notes that this principle is also used explicitly in the grammar of
Panini, which is why it gets the alternative name of the Panini Principle. The
rule is provided in a rather different formulation, which may be easier to understand,
by Anderson (1992: 12): ‘Application of a more specific rule blocks that
of a more general one.’
Empty Category Principle (ECP)
Chomsky (1986: 18) expresses this as follows: ‘Every trace must be properly
governed.’
Full-Entry Theory
The full-entry theory (Jackendoff 1975) is the theory that all existing words
(possibly including all inflectional forms; see Halle 1973) have their own independent
entries in the mental lexicon.