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Language name Javanese dʒɑ�və�ni�z
Language name Japanese dʒ�pə�ni�z
THE LINGUISTICS STUDENT’S HANDBOOK 282
Autonym (if known and different)
Autonym (if known and different) Nihongo
Language family Austronesian West
Indonesian
Language family Disputed; possibly
Altaic
Spoken in Java
Spoken in Japan
Approximate number of speakers 55m
Approximate number of speakers 120m
Writing system Javanese script; Roman
Writing system Japanese kana; Chinese characters
Phonetics/phonology
Phonetics/phonology
Stress no word stress
Stress
Contains following rare retroflex
consonant (types)
Said to have how many vowels? 8
Contains following rare
consonant (types)
Said to have how many vowels? 5
Marked vowel types
Marked vowel types back unrounded (in Tokyo)
Tone none
Tone tonal accent
Rhythm no information
Rhythm mora-timing
Vowel harmony some height harmony
Vowel harmony none
Morphology agglutinative word-based
Morphology agglutinative stem-based
Particular formation types infix; prefix; partial prefixed and full reduplication;
suffix; synaffix
Particular formation types dvandva; prefix; suffix
Syntax
Word order SVO NA prepositions
NPoss
Syntax
Word order SOV AN postpositions
PossN
Particular syntactic phenomena classifiers; evidentials
Particular syntactic phenomena inclusive / exclusive 1st plural
Points of interest
Points of interest well-developed ‘elevated’ register
Sources Campbell (1991), Horne (1961), Katzner (1977),
Maddieson (1984), Oglobin (2005)
Sources Campbell (1991), Haspelmath et al. (2005),
Katzner (1977), Maddieson (1984), Shibatani (1990),
Yip (2002)
Jicaque see Tol
Jieng see Dinka