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THE LINGUISTICS STUDENT’S HANDBOOK 346
Language name Toba Batak Batak �təυbə �b�tək
Language name Tlingit �kliŋɡit, �tliŋɡit
Autonym (if known and different)
Autonym (if known and different)
Language family Austronesian West-Indonesian
Language family Na-Dene
Spoken in Northern Sumatra (Indonesia)
Spoken in Alaska (USA), Canada
Approximate number of speakers 3m
Approximate number of speakers 800
Writing system Roman and Devanagari-based script
Writing system
Phonetics/phonology
Phonetics/phonology
Stress word-penultimate
Stress
Contains following rare
consonant (types)
Said to have how many vowels? 7
Contains following rare uvular; ejective
consonant (types)
Said to have how many vowels? 5
Marked vowel types
Marked vowel types
Tone none
Tone register
Rhythm no information
Rhythm no information
Vowel harmony none
Vowel harmony none
Morphology agglutinative word-based
Morphology polysynthetic stem-based
Particular formation types prefix; partial prefixed and full reduplication; suffix;
synaffix
Particular formation types prefix; suffix; incorporation
Syntax
Word order VOS and VSO AN prepositions
NPoss
Syntax
Word order SVO AN postpositions
PossN
Particular syntactic phenomena morphological aspect
Particular syntactic phenomena inclusive / exclusive 1st plural; noun classes
Points of interest
Points of interest
Sources Campbell (1991), Katzner (1977), Maddieson (1984)
Sources Campbell (1991), Katzner (1977), Nababan (1981),
Percival (1981)