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THE LINGUISTICS STUDENT’S HANDBOOK 322
Language name Pitjantjatjara Western Desert pitʃəntʃə�tʃɑ�rə
Language name Pirahã Múra-Pirahã
Autonym (if known and different)
Autonym (if known and different) xapaitíiso
Language family Pama-Nyungan
Language family Chibchan Mura
Spoken in South Australia
Spoken in Brazil
Approximate number of speakers 3k
Approximate number of speakers 100
Writing system
Writing system Roman
Phonetics/phonology
Phonetics/phonology
Stress word-initial
Stress weight-based
Contains following rare retroflex
consonant (types)
Said to have how many vowels? 3�length
Contains following rare
consonant (types)
Said to have how many vowels? 3
Marked vowel types
Marked vowel types
Tone none
Tone register
Rhythm no information
Rhythm no information
Vowel harmony none
Vowel harmony none
Morphology agglutinative stem-based
Particular formation types suffix; partial prefixed reduplication
Morphology agglutinative word-based for
nouns, stembased
for verbs
Syntax
Word order SOV NA postpositions
PossN
Particular formation types incorporation; prefix; partial suffixed reduplication; suffix
Particular syntactic phenomena morphological aspect; dual; inclusive /
exclusive 1st plural; conjugation classes
Syntax
Word order SOV NA postpositions
PossN
Points of interest
Sources Glass & Hackett (1970)
Particular syntactic phenomena morphological aspect; gender; evidentials
Points of interest no plural forms of pronouns
Sources Asher (1994), Everett (1986), Haspelmath et al. (2005)