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Language name Kannada �kɑ�nədə,�k�nədə
Language name Kambera �k�mberə
THE LINGUISTICS STUDENT’S HANDBOOK 284
Autonym (if known and different)
Autonym (if known and different) Hilu Humba
Language family Dravidian
Language family Austronesian Malayo-
Polynesian
Spoken in Karnataka (India)
Spoken in Sumba (Indonesia)
Approximate number of speakers 30m
Approximate number of speakers 150k
Writing system Devanagari
Writing system Roman
Phonetics/phonology
Phonetics/phonology
Stress word-initial
Stress root-initial
Contains following rare retroflex
consonant (types)
Contains following rare implosive
consonant (types)
Said to have how many vowels? 5�length�2 diphthongs
Said to have how many vowels? 5�length (3)�2 diphthongs
Marked vowel types
Marked vowel types
Tone none
Tone none
Rhythm no information
Rhythm no information
Vowel harmony none
Vowel harmony some height harmony
Morphology agglutinative word-based
Morphology polysynthetic word-based
Particular formation types dvandva; full reduplication; suffix
Syntax
Particular formation types incorporation; prefix; partial prefixed and full
reduplication; suffix; synaffix
Word order SOV AN postpositions
PossN
Syntax
Particular syntactic phenomena classifiers; semantically based gender; nominative
/ accusative marking; conjugation classes; evidentials
Word order SVO NA (see ‘points of prepositions
interest’) NPoss
Points of interest
Particular syntactic phenomena classifiers; inclusive / exclusive 1st plural; nominative /
accusative marking; morphological aspect; serial verbs
Sources Campbell (1991), Haspelmath et al. (2005),
Katzner (1977), Ruhlen (1976), Sridhar (1990)
Points of interest argued not to have adjectives but postnominal
modifying verbs
Sources Gordon (2002), Klamer (1994, 2005)