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Language name Yagua �jɑ�ɡwə
Language name Xhosa isiXhosa �kəυsə, �kɔ�sə
THE LINGUISTICS STUDENT’S HANDBOOK 362
Autonym (if known and different)
Autonym (if known and different)
Language family Peba-Yaguan
Language family Niger-Congo Bantu
Spoken in Peru, Brazil
Spoken in South Africa, Botswana
Approximate number of speakers 3k
Approximate number of speakers 7m
Writing system Roman
Writing system
Phonetics/phonology
Phonetics/phonology
Stress
Stress word-penultimate
Contains following rare retroflex
consonant (types)
Contains following rare click; ejective; implosive
consonant (types)
Said to have how many vowels? 6 + nasalisation
Said to have how many vowels? 5 + 4 diphthongs
Marked vowel types
Marked vowel types
Tone register
Tone register
Rhythm no information
Rhythm no information
Vowel harmony none
Vowel harmony none
Morphology agglutinative stem-based
Particular formation types prefix; suffix
Morphology agglutinative stem-based in
nouns, wordbased
in verbs
Syntax
Word order (VSO) SVO NA postpositions
PossN
Particular formation types prefix; suffix
Particular syntactic phenomena classifiers; noun class; dual
Syntax
Word order SVO NA prepositions
NPoss
Points of interest
Particular syntactic phenomena nominative / accusative marking; noun classes
Sources Payne (1986), Payne & Payne (1990)
Points of interest
Sources Boyce (1844), Doke (1954)
Yakuba see Dan
!Xu˜ see p. 367