Laurie Bauer - WordPress.com — Get a Free Blog Here

THE LINGUISTICS STUDENT’S HANDBOOK 140
Table 23.1 continued
Accent E.g. Name Discussion
¸ ç cedilla In French used to mark an /s/ rather than a /k/
pronunciation for the letter . In Turkish used to
show a post-alveolar quality.
ˆ î circumflex In French usually used to show a following
etymological is missing. Sometimes used to
mark length. In African languages sometimes used to
mark falling tone. Also used to mark tone in
Vietnamese.
¨ ü di(a)eresis Used to indicate that vowel letters belong to separate
syllables in a word like naïf. In German and Finnish,
etc. used to mark a front vowel, and often then called
an Umlaut, reflecting the name of the vowel
modification process.
� o� double acute Used in Hungarian for the combination of diaerisis
and length.
` à grave Used to mark vowel quality in French on an , and
used for stress in Italian. In English occasionally used
to show that a vowel is not silent, as in murderèd. In
many African languages used to mark low tone.
¯ ō macron Used to mark a long vowel, and in Vietnamese to
mark tone.
˘ ă micron, Used to mark a short vowel, and in Vietnamese to
breve mark tone.
˛ e˛ogonek or
Polish hook
Used in Polish to mark a nasalised vowel.
° °u ring A rarely used accent with varying value.
� s� subdot, Used in transliterations to indicate retroflection in
under-dot Indian languages.
˙ c˙ superdot Used in Maltese to show post-alveolar articulation.
˜ ñ tilde In Spanish used on an to mark a palatal nasal. In
Portuguese used to mark a nasal vowel.