THE PSYCHOLOGY OF SATANIC CULT INVOLVEMENT: AN ...

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Denzin, N. & Lincoln, Y. (1994) Introduction: entering the field of qualitative research. In N. Denzin & Y. Lincoln (Eds.) Handbook of Qualitative Research, pp. 1-17. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications. Edinger, E. (1972) Ego andArchetype. New York: Pelican Books. Eliade, M. (1976) Occultism, Witchcraft, and Cultural Fashions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Ellenberger, UF. (1970) The Discovery ofthe Unconscious: The History and Evolution of Dynamic Psychiatry. London: Fontana Press. Erikson, E. (1950) Childhood and Society. New York: Norton. Erikson, E. (1959) Young Man Luther: A Study in Psychoanalysis and History. London: Faber. Erikson, E. (1968) Identity: Youth and Crisis. London: Norton. Erikson, E. (1975) Identification and identity. In 1. Conger (Ed.) Contemporary Issues in Adolescent Development, pp. 410-414. New York: Harper & Row. Erikson, E. (1980) Identity and the Life Cycle. New York: Norton. Fairbairn, W.RD. (1927/1952). Notes on the religious phantasies of a femalepatient. In Psychoanalytic Studies ofthe Personality, pp. 183-196. London: Routledge. Fairbairn, W.RD. (1931/1952) Features in the analysis ofa patient with a physical genital abnormality. In Psychoanalytic Studies of the Personality, pp. 197-222. London: Routledge. Fairbairn, W.RD. (1940/1952). Schizoid factors in the personality. In Psychoanalytic Studies ofthe Personality, pp. 3-27. London: Routledge. Fairbairn, W. (1943/1952) The repression and the return of bad objects (with special reference to the "war neuroses"). Psychoanalytic Studies of the Personality, pp. 59-81. London: Routledge. Fairbairn, W.RD. (1944/1952) Endopsychic structure considered in terms of objectrelationships. In Psychoanalytic Studies of the Personality, pp. 82-136. London: Routledge. Fairbairn, W (1946/1952). Object-relationships and dynamic structure. Psychoanalytic Studies ofthe Personality, pp. 137-151. London: Routledge. Fairbairn, W.RD. (1949/1952) Steps in the development of an object-relations theory of the personality. In Psychoanalytic Studies of the Personality, pp. 152-161. London: Routledge. Fairbairn, W.R.D. (1951/1952) A synopsis of the development of the author's views regarding the structure of the personality. In Psychoanalytic Studies of the Personality, pp.162-179. London: Routledge. Fairbairn, W.RD. (1955) Observations in defence of the object-relations .theory of the personality. British Journal ofMedical Psychology, 28, pp. 144-156. 378
Fairbairn, W.RD. (1986). The repression and the return of bad objects (with special reference to the "war neuroses"). In P. Buckley (Ed.) Essential Papers on Object Relations, pp. 102-126. New York: New York University Press. Field, N. (1990) Healing, exorcism and object relations theory. British Journal of Psychotherapy, 6(3), pp. 274-284. Fordham, M. (1985) Explorations into the Self London: Karnac. Fordham, M. (1993). The Jung-Klein hybrid. Free Associations, 3, 631-641. Forsyth, N. (1987) The Old Enemy: Satan and the Combat Myth. University Press. Princeton: Princeton Forsyth, C. and Olivier, M. (1990) The theoretical framing of a social problem: Some conceptual notes on satanic cults. Deviant Behaviour, 11, pp. 281-292. Freud, S. All references, unless otherwise stated, are to The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works ofSigmund Freud, volumes 1-24. London: Hogarth Press, 1953-1974. [Hereafter referred to as SE, with volume and page references]. Freud, S. & Breuer, 1. (1895) Studies on Hysteria. SE, 2. Freud, S. (1901) The psychopathology ofeveryday life. SE, 6. Freud, S. (1907) Obsessive actions and religious practices. SE, 9: 117-127. Freud, S. (1908) Character and anal eroticism. SE, 9: 167-175. Freud, S. (1909a) Analysis ofa phobia in a five-year old boy. SE, 10: 1-149. Freud, S. (1909b) Notes upon a case ofobsessional neurosis. SE, 10: 151-318. Freud, S. (1912-1913) Totem and Taboo. SE, 13. Freud, S. (1913) The disposition to obsessional neuroses: a contribution to the problem of choice ofneurosis. SE, 12: 311-326. Freud, S. (1915) Thoughts for the times on war and death. SE, 14:273-302 Freud, S. (1918) From the history ofan infantile neurosis. SE, 17: 3-122. Freud, S. (1921) Group Psychology and the Analysis ofthe Ego. SE, 18. Freud, S. (1923) A seventeenth-century demonological neurosis. SE, 19: 69-105. Freud, S. (1927) The Future ofan Illusion. SE, 21. Freud, S. (1930) Civilization and its Discontents. SE,21. Freud, S. (1938) Moses andMonotheism. SE,23. Freud, S.(1954) The Origins ofPsycho-Analysis: Letters to Wilhelm Fliess, Drafts and Notes: 1887-1902. Edited by M. Bonaparte, A. Freud & E. Kris. New York: Basic Books. Frey-Rohn, L. (1974). From Freud to Jung: A comparative Study of the Psychology of the Unconscious. New York: Dell Publishing Company. 379
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THE PSYCHOLOGY OF SATANIC CULT INVO
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis is ded
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract Introduc
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PART FOUR: OBJECT RELATIONS, ANALYT
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15.3.3 Experience of satanic cult i
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ii abuse, holding professional conf
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iv personal experience of satanic c
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vi This dissertation spans a number
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Vlll perceptions of Satanic phenome
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1 PART ONE THE EMERGENCE OF DEMO IC
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3 makes the notion of evil possible
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5 / is largely a creation of Christ
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7 J for the Judaeo-Christian belief
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9 Cavendish, 1967, p. 281). The Heb
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11 worship God's creation, man. Lus
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13 In the New Testament, Satan's id
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15 portrayed as an independent evil
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17 perception that heretics were un
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19 witches are subservient (Cohn, 1
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21 the body was divided into 'honou
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23 Cathar monks corrupted the tradi
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25 chief Archon was frequently iden
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27 A number of factors were respons
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29 While there is no doubting the h
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31 19th Century. Satan became a cen
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33 and practised black magic and ca
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35 values and ends, what all these
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37 been known to commit crimes and
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39 much from his character and "dep
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41 1972), stylised rituals, and dra
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43 of Magick: "a way of perfecting
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45 to exist in the same way as God
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47 3.4.8. Charismatic authority Sat
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49 them more vulnerable to assuming
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51 victims may be babies or artific
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53 PART TWO THEORIES OF SATANIC CUL
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55 Two on the rise and fall ofthe d
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57 Satanism is more than the romant
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59 adolescent conflict may interfer
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61 Bourget et al. (1988) documented
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63 Levine and Salter (cited in Ross
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65 unattainable with the patient's
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67 3. The emotional energy and exci
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69 therapeutic function distinguish
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71 description of a danger, identif
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73 reinforcing agencies and influen
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75 5.2.5 The Survivor/recovery move
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77 supporting a history of alleged
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79 the social construction of Satan
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81 falsely 'remembers' as one's own
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83 Each of the above alternative ex
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85 CHAPTER SIX THE PSYCHOLOGY OF DE
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87 the soul" (Ellenberger, 1970, p.
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89 6. When the party vomits up stra
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91 occurs without any cult particip
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93 Pfeifer interprets the relativel
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95 7. Unusual impact on others: oth
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97 simply a form ofhysteria. He app
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99 belief systems, and the impact o
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101 enemies by having the demoniac
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103 possession and hysteria. A hypo
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105 has little relevance to the dis
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107 psychic disturbance which captu
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109 the ambivalent impulses ansmg f
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III both neurosis and religion have
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113 Freud noted similar totemic asp
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115 ritual element in both obsessio
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117 Despite this suggestion that de
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119 melancholia" and the Devil had
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121 What he is rebelling against is
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123 hides behind a civilised veneer
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125 theory of the superego, and res
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127 7.3 Freudian interpretation in
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129 the hostile castrating father b
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131 PART FOUR OBJECT RELATIONS, ANA
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133 CHAPTER 8 KLEINIAN PSYCHOANALYS
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135 of Klein's object relations the
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137 of the bad object and the infan
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139 fantasies and splitting defence
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141 which the self is identified wi
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143 This combination of negative fe
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145 feelings of resentment and depr
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147 Summary Although Freud portraye
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149 fantasies, i.e. mental represen
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151 The positive aspects of the ori
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153 However, through a process of p
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155 Fairbairn, by deliberately empl
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157 Since the joy of loving seems h
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159 differentiation of experience i
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161 Implicit in Kernberg's emphasis
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Identification also occurs through
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165 CHAPTER 10 AN INTEGRATED OBJECT
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167 child is confronted with the re
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169 These individuals typically exp
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17\ forces. Certain individuals in
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173 Where dependence on internal go
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175 Meltzer (1979) employs the conc
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177 Chasseguet-Smirgel does not dis
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179 The implication ofthis is that
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181 structured around mythological
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183 of oral sadistic impulses. The
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185 CHAPTER ELEVEN e.G. JUNG AND TH
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187 Religion appears to me to be a
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189 "redeeming" quality, rather tha
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191 Not only were the gods dragged
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193 experience, and we turn now to
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195 The child is guided by the powe
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197 In lung's model of mind, even m
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199 fact that we may identitY with
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201 1. In the first subtype, corres
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203 Possession, in this sense, is a
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205 If ever we are disposed to see
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207 depends on the strategies that
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209 possessive symptoms, such as pe
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211 gives psychological life its dy
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213 demonic spiritual aspect in Chr
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215 When attempting to relate objec
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217 12.2 The role of fantasy in psy
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219 experience of their real parent
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221 Even if the meaning conferred u
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223 12.5 The ego and the self in ob
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225 12.6 An archetypal object relat
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227 consciousness, before it IS onc
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229 most individuals, those drawn t
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231 objective of exploring the mean
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233 reVIew suggests that a theoreti
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235 1. It lays bare prior conceptio
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237 without generating an unmanagea
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239 components of internal object r
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241 I. Identification of significan
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243 3. General interpretation of sa
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245 should be testable by other rea
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247 thus defensively split offfrom
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249 S's split-offand dissociated ps
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251 Her status as a "Bride of Satan
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253 S once witnessed Satan's materi
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255 be a crazed, perverse, and unju
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257 triumph, S's oedipal victory ca
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259 from his identification with th
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261 S's grandiose belief that he ha
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263 S, now identified with the prev
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265 the reported actual qualities o
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267 original family interactions (3
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269 S's hallucinatory perception of
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271 This situation perpetuated S's
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273 rejected by women until now, th
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275 himself to be a willing recepta
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277 based on the triumphant fantasy
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279 split-off negative self represe
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281 14.5.3. Experience of satanic c
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283 Satan, the more destructively S
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285 previous manic elation was repl
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287 contaminating bad internal obje
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289 socially withdrawn child, who h
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291 gratification, reversed the tra
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293 which S's ego could not assimil
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295 After being arrested for exhibi
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297 identifying with his destructiv
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299 S's ceremonial initiation comme
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301 that he and his demons were hel
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303 When the spirits were commanded
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305 interacting with self represent
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308 attractive. For individuals who
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310 Satanism's status as an aggress
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312 Satanic activity, however, does
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314 The second phase of individuals
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316 aggravated by the children's ho
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318 14.2.5. Motives for leaving Sat
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320 his family. These interpersonal
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322 reactions may be understood as
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324 continues to project both good
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326 their own internal world - in o
Page 346 and 347: 328 CHAPTER FIFTEEN DISCUSSION Intr
Page 348 and 349: 330 Although the realist and constr
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Page 352 and 353: 334 form, happens prior to satanic
Page 354 and 355: 336 maternal object plays no role i
Page 356 and 357: 338 to peer groups and teachers wit
Page 358 and 359: 340 about... being destructive, des
Page 360 and 361: 342 heroic rebellion which matches,
Page 362 and 363: 344 identity of Satan is echoed by
Page 364 and 365: 346 experience a sense of euphoria
Page 366 and 367: 348 The question of whether the Sat
Page 368 and 369: 350 propitiatory act in-that the vi
Page 370 and 371: 352 Identification with the pervers
Page 372 and 373: 354 The magician prepares himself b
Page 374 and 375: 356 An important characteristic of
Page 376 and 377: 358 (5) The experience oflosing rel
Page 378 and 379: 360 However, merely expelling the d
Page 380 and 381: 362 them. Christians need God, they
Page 382 and 383: 364 has a posItIve existence, as lu
Page 384 and 385: 366 Despite Jung's reference to the
Page 386 and 387: 368 consequently become more alluri
Page 388 and 389: 370 CHAPTER SIXTEEN CONCLUSION The
Page 390 and 391: 372 again" Christians, fervently an
Page 392 and 393: 374 According to occult theory, the
Page 394 and 395: REFERENCES Abend,S. & Porder, M. (1
Page 398 and 399: M. Galanter (Ed.) (1982) Cults and
Page 400 and 401: Jacobi, Y. (1959). Complex, Archety
Page 402 and 403: Klein, M. (1946) Notes on some schi
Page 404 and 405: Mulhern, S. (1991) Satanism and psy
Page 406 and 407: Russell, J. & Wyndham, M. (1992) Wi
Page 408 and 409: Westen, D. (1991a) Social cognition
Page 410 and 411: 10. Dad would say that everything i
Page 412 and 413: school. I was one ofthe pack. and e
Page 414 and 415: to get three people involved, and t
Page 416 and 417: accepting the blood ofthe animal. S
Page 418 and 419: spirit to go to places, you can wat
Page 420 and 421: Ifamily, things like that. Did it w
Page 422 and 423: 89. Well, I wanted to get out. I wa
Page 424 and 425: 103. After the demon left it felt l
Page 426 and 427: Interoersonal context Fantasy Self
Page 428 and 429: Interpersonal context Fantasy Self
Page 430 and 431: Interpersonal Context Fantasy Self
Page 432 and 433: out. 8. And so all this was forming
Page 434 and 435: father". 22. I didn't say nothing b
Page 436 and 437: Satanic Bible and we used his book
Page 438 and 439: why don't you be that person he sho
Page 440 and 441: to you, to get close to you. He cre
Page 442 and 443: don't like them. They think they ha
Page 444 and 445: death or reaping. They bring in cer
Page 446 and 447:
age, and a very high sexual vitalit
Page 448 and 449:
some aren't. Some of these spirits
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It's the fastest way for a man to d
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eferred to the Christian church as
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my mouth and they died I didn't hav
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comes walking into the house - J sa
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mutual agreement. There's certain t
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the grim reaper, J terminatedpeople
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man, a real man, and He'll stand up
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Interpersonal Context Hears mother
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Interpersonal Context Identifies wi
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Interpersonal Context Unlike other
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Interpersonal Context {Jod experien
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APPENDIX 3 (a) SUBJECT THREE E is a
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17. The more I got involved in it t
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How did being a Satanist effect you
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animals, but also for my fellow man
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... you had to cut yourself. I used
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normalpsycho wardat the hospital. 7
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suppose that's part of the compulsi
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E derived pleasure from being cruel
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The collective satanic in-group Non
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E's avoidance of further human sacr
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E acknowledges that, in the light o
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APPENDIX 4 (a) SUBJECT FOUR S is a
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17. Anyway, it began I was nineteen
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their Satanic identity secret. I di
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53. Through using black magic there
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and obeyed him, like a teacher, wer
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serious (laughs). 83. After a long
Page 506 and 507:
99. f love attending church ... get
Page 508 and 509:
S experienced his self-declared The
Page 510 and 511:
S's friend presented himself as liv
Page 512 and 513:
S's satanic membership gave him a n
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S invited demonic possession m orde
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S, feeling cleansed of all internal
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11. I wasforced to keep the demon a
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you". 31. I must Slry I felt a lot
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49. I could only see my real mother
Page 524 and 525:
68. My demon screamedat me, calling
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had to write out. 83. Then they put
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employment. attend rituals, 99. Dad
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everybody, and then suddenly change
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130. Relationships in the coven wer
Page 534 and 535:
about what I was involved in. I'd d
Page 536 and 537:
andeveryone likes you. But I was, I
Page 538 and 539:
was exhausted I couldn't walk prope
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and God supremely powerful. 201. No
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S's pet animals start following his
Page 544 and 545:
S's parents' disclose that his birt
Page 546 and 547:
Satanism gave S power, material goo
Page 548 and 549:
Believing that Lucifer wished him t
Page 550 and 551:
Love was absent from S's satanic I
Page 552 and 553:
The horror of S's satanic I cannot
Page 554 and 555:
S was called up for compulsory I do
Page 556 and 557:
The spiritual battle inside of S ma
Page 558 and 559:
S's spiritual battle ended at the p
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communicate with. 10. As we got old
Page 562 and 563:
28. I then got involved with a bike
Page 564 and 565:
46. I only came to realise later th
Page 566 and 567:
very good about it, as through the
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little to do with each other. By th
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91. To make matters worse, they wer
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choice I hadever had to make in my
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and not relying on your own strengt
Page 576 and 577:
APPENDIX 6 (B) SUBJECT SIX : Signif
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After S's esoteric quest led him to
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S believed that his satanic activit
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S invited demonic possession By inv
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After becoming a Christian S feared
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Despite his Christian conversion S
Page 588 and 589:
APPENDIX 7 (A) SUBJECT SEVEN S is a
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Iofme. One Imndred percent terrifie
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other me a bit. It was the kind oft
Page 594 and 595:
48. The lust ... no one said "Don't
Page 596 and 597:
What was your relationship like wit
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your body. You accept it as part of
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90. My body felt cold, but empty. I
Page 602 and 603:
had decided to leave, and the other
Page 604 and 605:
APPENDIX 7 (B) SUBJECT SEVEN: Signi
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S had a Catholic upbringing, but ne
Page 608 and 609:
S's hatred ofpeople, and consequent
Page 610 and 611:
As a Satanist, S experienced a sens
Page 612 and 613:
S experienced himself to be a host
Page 614 and 615:
When the spirits were commanded to
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