THE PSYCHOLOGY OF SATANIC CULT INVOLVEMENT: AN ...

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not severing links with Satanism. Their ambivalence and reported traumatic experiences,
however, usually result in them leaving the cult after a relatively short period of
involvement. They frequently commit themselves to charismatic Christian ideology in
order to allay anxiety concerning their satanic past and its continued influence over them
(Ivey, 1993a). Having left the cult, they frequently show related psychological
disturbances, which prompts them to seek help from clergy or mental health
professionals.
The second sub-category of underground Satanists are the older, experienced, long-term
members who have a detailed understanding of satanic rituals and occupy positions of
status within the cult hierarchy. They have thoroughly internalised the cult ideology and
identify completely with their cult role. Gaining access to these individuals is practically
impossible because of their level of ideological commitment, alleged criminal conduct in
the cult, and consequent need to maintain absolute secrecy about their activities. This
sub-category may include 'transgenerational Satanists'; members who have been raised as
Satanists from early childhood by parents who are also cult members.
3.3 Influential figures in the satanic movement
The two most important proponents of modem satanic magic have been Aleister Crowley
and Anton LaVey. Their influence requires some discussion of their individual
contributions to satanic theology and practice. Michael Aquino's well-publicised
defection from The Church of Satan and his establishment of a rival satanic organisation
will also be considered briefly. The teachings of these three authors provide the
ideological foundations ofmodem satanic philosophy.
Aleister Crowley
Reputedly the most influential modem magician IS Aleister Crowley (1875-1947).
Crowley "reviewed and restated the theory of magic from a modem psychological point
ofview - owing something to Freud - with a forcefulness, intelligence and wit Ulunatched
by any other writer" (Cavendish, 1977, p. 146). His influence in this regard stems as