Translation 2783

311
PART II
DRI12.^' I' - .; t';TU^ 1=tT^..T li' :Ai?.-i; PJ OGi]SS11:G 0'
OS
r1 :II )IA I^^T;ü C,,I, i^.AC^__ , ^.;
, These matters are discussec, more fully in the folJ_otring
books , "rrocessin„ of jThaa.e 1,ro^ucts on Whaling F,--Shins" by
V. A. j3odrov and S. N. G`l].gor' ev j "Whaling Technique",
Golovlev; "Oi J.s of Marine tïe, •,mmals", by 1, V. Kizevetter; etc.
201
CHAPTER I
SEALIT•:G 91-ID WHALING, AND 1IÜ1;T:1:.«G 111iI'.I'L WHALES
SLALI 1-;G
1115''O1tY Or THE ±^^'EI^OPN ^T y G^ S^l^LTI:C^ IN RUSS7 A
R'herc are reliable records of a treaty concluded between the
l:on•regians and the li.ussians at the end of the tenth century or the
bet;inning of the eleventh century, defining their respective
spheres of influence in the T.orth.
The beginning of sealing in the North is placed in. the 12th
i:l.nii.
1^tiï centuries, '.:rhon 'the far nortnern ;l, -arts of Russia began to
be settled intensively by emigrants from Great IùovL;orod... -in the
14th and 15th centuries seal-h-anters in thei3: small boats reached
TTovaya Zc^ntlya and even the 1=ara river estuary. In the early 1830's
organized huntiri,-, was already being carried on in the I^Iovaya Zemlya
r.e^;i on with ua to 80 vessels taking part; they took mostly white
whales and fishes i^chiefly Alpine char). Seals were a secondary
objective of huntint,' in that a.rea.
Sealinî; by Russia-ns reached its pealc of ci.evelopmen.t at Sj.,itz--
berr en at the end of the 18th century. In the 1790's there were as
mony as 270 Russian sealirie vessels, with crews iiu::berin,; 2,200, in
that repion.
Their chief quarry there was not seals but walruses.
La.ter the character of the industry c^^anged considerably, and ringed
seals a.c bee.rd.ed seals became the chief species hunted, with the
area of activities moving southward to the West Kurman coast and
northern Ilor.wa.y.
Pro::, 1875 to 10.19 _Pussi< ï:. sec.lers took 1,1;46, 550 iLar-P
seals
an avera.e of 32,11^5 seals per ia.nn-aill. ^;uliliî;
ii", the élhlte S ea, -.,e.
tl,i., carie t)eriod. :. orweE;i a.n se^lers took 1,956,"05 seals, or an average