Translation 2783

..... 362
Key: 1) Whale species. 2) Moisture. 3) Oil or fat). 4) Nitrogenous
matter., 5) Mineral matter. 6) Blue whale. 7) Flesh on the
baCk. 8) Peritoneum. 9) Fin whale. 10) Flesh on ribs. 11) Hump-back
whale. 12) Sei whale. 1 3 Sperm whale. 14) Flesh on lower side of
spine. 15) Solid matter.
of whale oil.
There are appropriate All-tinion State Standards for all kinds
Information on whale oil production during the last ten seasons
is given in Appendix 15, and on products other than oil in Appendix 8.
MEYHODS OF OB'I'AINILG WHAL -11.]
OIL
In modern factory-ships whale oil is obtained by melting the
smooth subcutaneous blubber, and partïY the peritoneum, of whales in
vacuo, and by boiling Whale flesh, bones, and peritoneaf blubber under
pressure, with further extraction of the residual oil from the boiled
bones and muscle tissue left after boiling.
Die most widely-used method is that of extraction with live
steam in oil-extraction boilers. As much as 80% . of the :oil-bearing raw
material is processed in that way in Soviet factory-ships.
After being put into the boilers, the raw material (bones,, flesh,
peritoneum, tongue, and viscera) is acted upon by live steam at a pressure
of four atmospheres and a temperature of about 140° C.
It is
gradually cooked to a•pulp, and shredded by the turning of a reticulated
rotor in the boiler. The boiling lasts for three to four hours, depending
on the kind of raw material. The boiling produces a mass consisting
of oil, water, and residues of the uncooked parts of the raw material.
he entire mass is transferred to an oil-separator, where it settles
into layers of oil and n .graksa" (a “soun° thick with protein framents).
ne apparatuses for extracting oil under pressure are simple to
construct and to operate and are distinguished by high productivity.
When they are used, however, a considerable proportion of the protein
raw material is lost, ard the application of hiL;h temperatures lowers
the Quality of the oil produced.
The most ,)erfect meti:apd is that of processing the raw material
in a vacuum (the dry method of oil extraction). Up to 98% of the oil
ir the subcutaneous blubber is obtained by this method; in recent years -
the :erItoriouia a10 is partly used. With the vacuum eiod the raw
_
Inatcrial is trca:;ej at a tenre—ature of not more than 10 0 0, which