Translation 2783

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PART I
B]:OLOXTY OF I'IM-IIPJDi A A1lU GL'1.'AGA
l'innipedia and zjea. 0 tter ,
..... 5
Besides the order ï'innipedia, in this na,r.t of the manual we
s hall a.lEto discuss sev, otters --- valuable fur-bear.er.:^. that live in
the northcrn part of the Ia.cific Ocean. aea otters belonC; to the
order CarnivorE^, but SY)end a la.r•,e part of tileir life in the sea.
CI'LA:,-`l'ialt I
GLI:EMtLL CTLfi1tACTERIS`icICS OP `i'FLû OiiD::j'R PII•li,I]?.:IDIlI
The order Pinnipedia contains mam:ne.ls whose external appearance
and the features of N•those internal structure i.nd•icate profound
adaptation to an aquatic mode of life.
They are large animals with a spindle-shaped trunk, circular
in cross-section. The zoological body len[;th of adults of different
species varies from 1.2 to 6.5 metres, and the total weiUht from 35
kg to 3.5 metric tons. Their complete adaptation to the external
environment is evidenced by the absence of any strongly--projectino
parts of the body. The humerus and part of the radius and u1na, and
in some species also the whole of the tibia, are enclosed within the
cutaneous sac of the trunk.
The limbs have five well-develoned di,;its united within a
swimr.linn- membrane and converted into fin-like flippers' The hindlimbs
of wa.lxuses and. fur seals can be bent freely under the trunk
and enable the animals to move about on a hard substrate; the hindlimbs
^flip_>ers^ of seals cannot be bent towards the tY•unk, and take
no uart in move!:,ent on dry la.rid or on ice. •ahe claws are poorly
developed on the fore-limbs of walruses and fur aeals, in cont;•ast
to those of other seals, whose fore-limbs are p-rovided'with stron4,
1•lell-dc_veloï)ed claws.
The animals move in the water D^r means of
lateral st',:ol:e(3 and o scl.llation:; of the I1L1"lc.:•^11.!I^b , 11111.].i; the front
flippers serve as steerinl, 'l'I.e tail is vei•y siiort, ^ilcdc in
some :3'lecies .^C•;;'. Ylall'll;;e:;i is scarcely visible.
In mo ,{ s:^ecic:. "tlle2.•e 18, no cx^tc7•,,^l e^^.7• t^uL tllr^.t
roe:; not n.ffec l; the E1.CLlte11^::S.i^, of ::ow::l pr,rc,c:T)tion.
lleir. ilen.rinu is
fu71.,y
(111 o tc• i.u bo1;i, -i I., r, l!(1 wr::tor. - UnciC) i: we i. c, 2: 1 i!E" cr:r open.int;3
ore covr^rod by ;.1O,,nn of the con trac tion of
c7.o:;:Ln„ nutsc,lc:: .