DEVELOPMENTAL CRISIS IN EARLY ADULTHOOD: A ...

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Meta-Theme 3: Locked into Cognitive Set -> Meta-cognitive Shift “Becoming Conscious” Before: Narrow-mindedness and stereotypes Problem-focused and target driven mindset “No perspective” No consideration of effects of life on his family After: Conscious of actions and effects of those actions Conscious of family and relationships Able to observe the self, its nature and its development Meta-Theme 4: Masculine Imbalance -> Release of the Feminine Before Atilla the Hun Had become a tyrant Stereotype of “what men do” No expression of weakness After Opening to emotions Poetry…the emergence of the anima Dancing as expression of the anima Admission of vulnerability More female friends Meta-Theme 5: Persona and façade -> search for authenticity Before Programmed by society External dictates The push for normality Façade to conform to role After Feeling real Activities that are reflection of interests > feel authentic A new state of being “Broken down” the facade Meta-Theme 2 was later removed from this list, as further analysis suggested that its subordinate themes could be accounted for within Meta-themes 1, 3 and 5. The final four meta-themes provide the section headings of the results section this chapter. These are: 1. Rescuing the Hijacked Self: Persona and Pressure 2. Unlocking the Locked Mind: Developing Self-Reflection 3. Reaching Beyond the Culture of Materialism 4. From “Attila the Hun” to Dancing School: The Emerging Feminine 125
Results 7.3 Summary of Key Events in Guy’s Crisis Guy was 46 at the time of interview. In 1996, age 36, he was successfully established as global network manager for a major bank (referred to here as X Bank), with a wife and two young children. He had 700 staff under him and a budget of many millions of pounds for which he was responsible. He often spent fourteen hours a day at work, seeing his wife and children very little, and often had to work through weekends. His health was suffering, and he was becoming more aggressive and difficult at home and at work. He didn’t fully notice his wife’s sense of neglect, until one day in March 1996 she asked Guy to come with her to a counsellor and then told him, out of the blue, she wanted a divorce. He recounted how everything that he thought was important “suddenly evaporated”. He was left in a “state of total shock”, which soon turned to depression. Guy took six weeks off work, in order to try to come to terms with his confusion, grief, and anger, and in order to try and establish how things had gone so wrong. When Guy returns to work, he finds that he has been taken off his job and has been moved to a new sector within the company, with a fraction of his previous budget and far less line responsibility than he had before. He then finds himself in a period of self-reflection, self-doubt, depression and so instigates a search for new ways of coping with life and new ways of discovering aspects of himself. After leaving wife and job, he ends up in a new relationship, a freelance consultancy role and actively involved in Kabala spirituality. 7.4 Rescuing the Hijacked Self: Persona and Pressure Guy’s narrative contains evidence that suggests the existence of a work persona that had developed over the many years of his intensive “pressure cooker” work life as a banker. He refers to the sense that before the crisis there was “a façade that I had been cloaking myself in.” (p.12). Jung uses similar terminology of a “barricade”, a “mask” or “false wrappings” to refer to the persona. The goal of the professional persona is to impress with success, position and power (Jung, 1959), and this is true of Guy: “Therefore I would say for a period of about fifteen, sixteen years, no longer than that, for twenty plus years, I was running a career that was about being successful, it was about getting power and doing those things… I was making more money, I had 126
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DEVELOPMENTAL CRISIS IN EARLY ADULT
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Acknowledgements I would like to th
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7 Study 2: Rescuing the Hijacked Se
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considered to be a constructive par
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models, psychodynamic theory, socia
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This literature review will act as
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stable structures, by the assimilat
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goal-directed sense, but there is a
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“Where such a Dream exists, we ar
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Table I. Caplan’s Four Phases of
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Table III. O’Connor and Wolfe’s
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“Having a crisis at the time is n
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1. Undergoing stressful experiences
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The store of self-knowledge provide
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has, according to Booker (2005), ev
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of which represents a more complex
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isolated set of me-facts but is dee
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terms. These kind of popularised th
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involves genuine integration of com
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Figure 5. Births within marriage an
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ecorded by the US Bureau of Labor S
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group data and statistical analysis
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cognitive dissonance theory on a si
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testing and theory-exemplification
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human agendas that shape knowledge.
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4. A Composite Qualitative Methodol
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thesis, and I shall later in this c
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Nonetheless it could also be argued
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IPA can employ any written data sou
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ecommended to use a homogenous samp
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Case summaries are another written
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similarities that bind clusters tog
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conclusions and findings in order t
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d) Resonance / Impact / Applicabili
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3. A consent form detailing the key
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Dear all, I am currently in the 1 s
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accurately restructure the events,
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for the whole gender, and then with
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Neil 30 IT manager N.A. Violet 36 A
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Page 85 and 86: 6. Study 1 Results: An Emerging Cri
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Page 89 and 90: “By the time I moved into my own
Page 91 and 92: New vocational role In Phase 4, cri
Page 93 and 94: As Mary’s crisis emerges in her l
Page 95 and 96: Angela similarly learned to stand u
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Page 107 and 108: Phase 4 - Post-Crisis: Resolution A
Page 109 and 110: Phase 1 - Early Crisis: Constrictio
Page 111 and 112: In his early thirties, Leon finally
Page 113 and 114: Phase 1 - Early Crisis: Locked In A
Page 115 and 116: Phase 3 and 4: Exploration and Reso
Page 117 and 118: 6.6 Summary of the 4-Phase Pattern
Page 119 and 120: can also subtly undermine personal
Page 121 and 122: George developed a party-guy person
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Page 127 and 128: Data Collection In order to gain su
Page 129: Brainstorm memo #2 - “Guy: proces
Page 133 and 134: “That’s a realisation looking b
Page 135 and 136: efore the crisis Guy had lost the f
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Page 139 and 140: Guy relates this behaviour to his s
Page 141 and 142: “I’ve stopped allowing myself t
Page 143 and 144: ecause an over-riding life emphasis
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Page 147 and 148: 8. Study 3: Crisis, Persona and the
Page 149 and 150: Peer pressure Need for social acce
Page 151 and 152: At the time of the crisis, Frank wa
Page 153 and 154: Frank’s young Dream was to become
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Page 161 and 162: Claire described the business world
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Page 177 and 178: The motivation for entering into th
Page 179 and 180: Phase 2: Separation Life Situation:
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training programme, a philosophy de
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“But I am going for jobs for diff
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9.3 Eight Theoretical Precepts on C
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homogeneity. For Jung, the removal
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assertiveness, for to act in accord
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throughout, and while this may glos
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lifespan and the context of relatio
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oth phases there is the description
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“In order to make commitments to
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Interactive Model and Smith’s Int
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economic groups get married earlier
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The Participant Feedback Exercise Y
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Question 3 asked whether the model
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10.9 Reflexive Considerations: The
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work that suggested crisis does occ
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may be of benefit to bring others i
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In sum, the current study provides
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References Ainsworth, M. (1967). In
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Cabrera, N.J., Tamis-LeMonda, C.S.,
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Festinger, L., Riecken, H.W. & Scha
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Hudson, W.C. (1978). Persona and De
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Lincoln, Y.S. & Guba, E.G. (1985).
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Polkinghorne, D.E. (1988). Narrativ
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Smith, J. (1991). Conceiving Selves
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Appendices 224
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SELF - process and structure • Wh
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“Dancing became absolutely phenom
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STUDY 3 - First Interview Schedule
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o How would you describe your new j
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Materialism • How do you think yo
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• Are you still as driven by mone
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Mark Interview 2 Schedule Pre-Crisi
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Victoria - Interview 2 guide Pre-Cr
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Claire - Interview 2 guide Pre-cris
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Lilly - Interview 2 Schedule Pre-Cr
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Information Sheet for Studies 1 and
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APPENDIX C School of Psychology Bir
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and so there was unused freedom. Lo
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5/02/05 As the crisis progresses, G
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Violet memos 09.02.05 Once again we
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acceptance of genuine possibility,
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All these ladies and gents went bac
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accompany the post-partition state.
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lack of available time to pursue an
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Pragmatism and Pluralism properties
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Cyclical and iterative nature of re
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Gemma Interview 10 Case Summary Gem
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Coding Frame and Quotes 1. Backgrou
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were trying to crush it too.” 4
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3d) Separation from old self 3e) Ne
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Rob kids Working as advertising exe
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Table XIX: Case Ordered Matrix of P
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