DEVELOPMENTAL CRISIS IN EARLY ADULTHOOD: A ...

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Appendix H Summary Case-Ordered Matrices of 4 Phases of Model The following tables give a detailed case-by-case summary information on how each phase of the 4 phase model manifests in each case. In the middle column is a brief description of the life situation of the individual in question. In the right hand column is a brief description of experiential features including affect, motivation and self. Table XVI – Case Ordered Matrix of Phase 1 Features Name Phase 1 Life Situation Phase 1 Experience and Identity Rachel Housewife, married, 2 children. Feels false, hides desire to do a degree and think deeply, feels depressed. Mary Partner of major law firm, single, no children. Hugely stressed, takes time off work for stress, work is “killing” her, but she cannot see a way out. Lynne HR Consultant, married, no children, affair with work colleague. Describes being a “cash cow” – corporate persona has become her whole life. Extreme job stress and pressure. Angela Office Assistant, single, no children, bullied by boss. Hates her job, feels “suffocated” and like she is “in prison”. Her confidence is very low. Violet Housewife, long-term relationship, 2 children, partner has serial affairs. Long-term partner cheats on her, she fantasises about injuring him, feels hemmed in and morbid. Frances Waitress, long-term partnership, no children, bullied by boyfriend, drug taking. Feels like a “worn out blob” and a “non-person” – doesn’t feel fully alive, and feels passive. Camilla Printing Executive, single, no children, has Feels totally out of control after affair with boss Gemma Dan George Neil affair with controlling boss. Housewife, married, 2 children, extremely unhappy and depressed. Corporate filmmaker, married, 1 child, high level of job stress. Social worker, gay, single, heavy drug taking, destructive lifestyle. Engineer, married, no children, frustrated and major marital difficulties. precipitates terrible stress and loss of contact with friends. Feels “completely stuck”, like the marriage is an oppressive force in her life, she fantasises about leaving husband. In a high stress job in corporate film. Wife has post-natal depression, but has no time to spend with her. Feels out of control. Feels like has a false persona, out of control, is broken hearted after experience of rejection. Work stress is extreme. Has major differences with boss which cause conflict and argument. Marriage is devoid of emotion. Feels “stuck in a rut”. Vern IT Executive, married, 1 child, major marital problems. Living for money, married because of pregnancy and sense of “duty” but now desperately wants out. Leon Market Researcher, married, one son. Living according to a “prescription”. Married out of a sense of duty, has an affair. In a “mad, intense job”. Guy Banker, married, 3 children, extreme job stress and neglect of home life. Intense job pressure, no time with wife and family, has turned into a “tyrant”, physical health is poor. Ben Doing a PhD, has long-term partner, no children, problems with cashflow. Has recently failed a viva, is looking to build a career as an academic, neglecting wife. Jack Accountant, single, no children, major sense of anomie. Feels “like a ghost”, not fully alive, loss of interest in life, no romantic involvement. Victoria Hairdresser, living with mother in rural Italy. Feels trapped in a patriarchal and narrow-minded culture, parental pressure, very low self-confidence. Clare Works as management consultant, which she hates, then ensnaring marriage . Is compelled to work in full-time corporate consultancy to provide for her children. Is anxious and depressed. Has an artificial work persona. Lilly Working in PR, living with boyrfriend, problems with relationship Feels “smothered” by deteriorating relationship, antisocial flatmate and job in location she despises Frank Working as a corporate lawyer, married, no kids, Feels false at work, doesn’t feel like a lawyer, marriage lacks intimacy, Mark Works as financial consultant, married, no Hates his job, dreams of getting out, feels like he is “living 275
Rob kids Working as advertising executive, married, no kids, wife anorexic a lie” Profound sense of disillusionment at work, marriage problems and very little physical contact with wife Table XVII – Case Ordered Matrix of Phase 1 Features Name Phase 2 – Life Situation Phase 2 – Experience and Identity Rachel Leaves husband, king children with her Considers suicide, is deeply depressed, anxious and physically unwell prior to separation Mary Takes time out from work through stress, and then leaves job as law partner Hysterical grief, confusion and tears. Terror at the prospect of building a new life. Lynne Leaves consultancy job and finishes affair Affair finishing leads to experience of intense grief. Stress prior to leaving job is intense. Angela Fired from job as admin assistant Extreme stress prior to redundancy then sense of betrayal Violet Partner admits infidelities, so leaves him Intense anger and frustration at partner, also sense of liberation Frances Leaves boyfriend after he goes to prison Considers suicide. Feels guilt and anxiety and confusion Camilla Leaves affair with boss and leaves job at print company “Angry” about affair and controlling boyfriend, feels “really sorry for myself”, but mood changed totally after she left him Feels “stuck in the worst place imaginable”, soon feels liberated but anxious after separation Gemma Leaves husband, takes children with her Dan Fired from job in corporate film Stress prior to redundancy, sense of betrayal at time of redundancy, and anxiety directly after George Leaves job after suicide attempt Attempts suicide after becoming depressed. Feels a new clarity after recovering Neil Leaves wife, moved internally at company, then leaves company Frustrated, angry, fearful of what would happen to him and his wife, fear of what others would think Vern Leaves wife and job, moves to new city Feels guilt and relief, and then sadness and loneliness as misses son Leon Leaves wife, and son lives with wife Feels “desperately sad”, “emotionally wrung out”, “heart-wrenching Guy Wife asks for divorce, then changed job internally before leaving company Shocked by wife’s request for divorce. Feels “a sense of total annihilation”, feels anger and sadness. Ben Wife leaves him, with little warning, asks for divorce Felt “absolutely demolished”, felt worthless, contemplated suicide, felt a total failure Jack Leaves job, after being in a car crash Feels miserable and angry, and very nervous after the crash Victoria Leaves job and family at the same time Feels guilt and confusion, as well as excitement about possibility of new life Clare Lilly Leaves job then husband – two separate Phase 2s, with several year interval Relationship ends, suicide attempt, leaves job several months later Feels liberated after leaving job, but then intense grief after leaving husband Depressed by failing relationship, suicidal thoughts, and anxious about future when leaves job after recovering from suicide attempt Frank Leaves wife, then fired from job six months later Feeling frustrated and unhappy before leaving wife, and then feels excited after leaving job Mark Colleague attempts suicide, leaves job Intense job stress and confusion prior to leaving job, then a new vitality after leaving Rob Leaves job and wife, almost simultaneously Highly unhappy prior to separation from work and hom 276
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DEVELOPMENTAL CRISIS IN EARLY ADULT
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Acknowledgements I would like to th
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7 Study 2: Rescuing the Hijacked Se
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considered to be a constructive par
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models, psychodynamic theory, socia
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This literature review will act as
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stable structures, by the assimilat
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goal-directed sense, but there is a
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“Where such a Dream exists, we ar
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Table I. Caplan’s Four Phases of
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Table III. O’Connor and Wolfe’s
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“Having a crisis at the time is n
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1. Undergoing stressful experiences
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The store of self-knowledge provide
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has, according to Booker (2005), ev
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of which represents a more complex
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isolated set of me-facts but is dee
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terms. These kind of popularised th
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involves genuine integration of com
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Figure 5. Births within marriage an
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ecorded by the US Bureau of Labor S
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group data and statistical analysis
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cognitive dissonance theory on a si
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testing and theory-exemplification
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human agendas that shape knowledge.
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4. A Composite Qualitative Methodol
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thesis, and I shall later in this c
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Nonetheless it could also be argued
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IPA can employ any written data sou
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ecommended to use a homogenous samp
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Case summaries are another written
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similarities that bind clusters tog
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conclusions and findings in order t
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d) Resonance / Impact / Applicabili
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3. A consent form detailing the key
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Dear all, I am currently in the 1 s
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accurately restructure the events,
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for the whole gender, and then with
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Neil 30 IT manager N.A. Violet 36 A
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areas were covered spontaneously as
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indication of important development
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starting with female clusters and t
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6. Study 1 Results: An Emerging Cri
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This vignette is illustrative and i
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“By the time I moved into my own
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New vocational role In Phase 4, cri
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As Mary’s crisis emerges in her l
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Angela similarly learned to stand u
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university to do a degree in psycho
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of my building, heated through by i
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married with two children and was a
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acceptable.” (p.8). George was li
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“You know, I’d failed, it was t
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Phase 4 - Post-Crisis: Resolution A
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Phase 1 - Early Crisis: Constrictio
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In his early thirties, Leon finally
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Phase 1 - Early Crisis: Locked In A
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Phase 3 and 4: Exploration and Reso
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6.6 Summary of the 4-Phase Pattern
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can also subtly undermine personal
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George developed a party-guy person
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sense of self, but meanwhile the se
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process in order to help account fo
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Data Collection In order to gain su
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Brainstorm memo #2 - “Guy: proces
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Results 7.3 Summary of Key Events i
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“That’s a realisation looking b
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efore the crisis Guy had lost the f
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that were pushing upon me that this
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Guy relates this behaviour to his s
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“I’ve stopped allowing myself t
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ecause an over-riding life emphasis
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transformation and development, rat
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8. Study 3: Crisis, Persona and the
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Peer pressure Need for social acce
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At the time of the crisis, Frank wa
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Frank’s young Dream was to become
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sham or an act. This dissonant dysf
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the ranks. Nobody tells you that yo
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“What I often refer to is a dress
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Claire described the business world
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a cellar, it’s really suffocating
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environment, during which time she
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and is no longer so concerned with
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understanding early adult crisis. T
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it leads to a lack of inner-outer b
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they can be channelled to support a
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9. A Conjectural Model of Early Adu
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The motivation for entering into th
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Phase 2: Separation Life Situation:
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training programme, a philosophy de
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“But I am going for jobs for diff
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9.3 Eight Theoretical Precepts on C
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homogeneity. For Jung, the removal
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assertiveness, for to act in accord
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throughout, and while this may glos
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lifespan and the context of relatio
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oth phases there is the description
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“In order to make commitments to
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Interactive Model and Smith’s Int
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economic groups get married earlier
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The Participant Feedback Exercise Y
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Question 3 asked whether the model
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10.9 Reflexive Considerations: The
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work that suggested crisis does occ
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may be of benefit to bring others i
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In sum, the current study provides
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References Ainsworth, M. (1967). In
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Cabrera, N.J., Tamis-LeMonda, C.S.,
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Festinger, L., Riecken, H.W. & Scha
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Hudson, W.C. (1978). Persona and De
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Lincoln, Y.S. & Guba, E.G. (1985).
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Polkinghorne, D.E. (1988). Narrativ
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Smith, J. (1991). Conceiving Selves
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Page 231 and 232: SELF - process and structure • Wh
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Page 235 and 236: STUDY 3 - First Interview Schedule
Page 237 and 238: o How would you describe your new j
Page 239 and 240: Materialism • How do you think yo
Page 241 and 242: • Are you still as driven by mone
Page 243 and 244: Mark Interview 2 Schedule Pre-Crisi
Page 245 and 246: Victoria - Interview 2 guide Pre-Cr
Page 247 and 248: Claire - Interview 2 guide Pre-cris
Page 249 and 250: Lilly - Interview 2 Schedule Pre-Cr
Page 251 and 252: Information Sheet for Studies 1 and
Page 253 and 254: APPENDIX C School of Psychology Bir
Page 255 and 256: and so there was unused freedom. Lo
Page 257 and 258: 5/02/05 As the crisis progresses, G
Page 259 and 260: Violet memos 09.02.05 Once again we
Page 261 and 262: acceptance of genuine possibility,
Page 263 and 264: All these ladies and gents went bac
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Page 269 and 270: Pragmatism and Pluralism properties
Page 271 and 272: Cyclical and iterative nature of re
Page 273 and 274: Gemma Interview 10 Case Summary Gem
Page 275 and 276: Coding Frame and Quotes 1. Backgrou
Page 277 and 278: were trying to crush it too.” 4
Page 279: 3d) Separation from old self 3e) Ne
Page 283 and 284: Table XIX: Case Ordered Matrix of P
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