DEVELOPMENTAL CRISIS IN EARLY ADULTHOOD: A ...

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This form of clustering was felt to be too difficult to establish upon early analysis, and it was complicated by the fact that a number of individuals showed a combination of these effects. A more simple clustering approach was then considered based on the life areas in which the crisis initiated and were correspondingly most disrupted by it. This was relatively easy to establish and led initially to three clusters: 1. Work and finance problems 2. Relationship and home life problems 3. Both work and home problems It was then decided to apply this three way typology to each gender separately. The outcome of this was the women being divided into two clusters: “Domestic Crisis”, which subsumed those crises originating in domestic lives, and “Career- Woman Crisis”, which included the crises originating in stressful career lives. Analysis of the male cases led to three clusters being created: “All Consuming Crisis”, “Marriage Crisis”, and “Career Crisis”. The members of these clusters are shown in Figures 7 and 8. Figure 7. Female Clusters Angela Lynne Gemma Violet Mary Camilla Rachel Frances Career-Woman Crisis Domestic Crisis Figure 8. Male Clusters Guy Neil George Ben All Consuming Crisis Vern Leon Marriage Crisis Dan Jack Career Crisis Cluster-based analysis involved the systematic comparison of cases within a specific cluster to search for common themes. Each cluster was analysed in turn, 77
starting with female clusters and then moving on to male clusters, and for each cluster a list of superordinate themes was developed. Cluster-specific superordinate themes for all five clusters are summarised in Table X below. Table X. Clusters and Cluster-Specific Superordinate Themes Cluster Female Domestic Crisis: Themes Female Career-Woman Crisis: Themes Male All Consuming Crisis: Themes Male Marriage Crisis: Themes Male Career Crisis: Themes Theme List • No Escape • Passivity and Depersonalisation • Suppression of Passion and Vocation • Psychological Separation • Physical separation • Experimentation and Further Study • New vocational role • Developing a stronger self • Like Rats in a Cage • Out of Control • Shelving Passion for Practicality • Saying No: A Growing Assertiveness • Physical Separation from Work Role • Paring Back the Layers of Self • Back to Study: A Statement of Agency • Beyond the Corporate Self • New Life Role: Passion in Action • In The Pressure Cooker • Living in a Straightjacket: The Constrained Self • Falling Apart: The Demise of the Pre-Crisis Life Structure • Looking Round for Alternatives: Moratorium • A New, Flexible Life Structure • Transformation: An Expanded, Evolving Self • Trapped by a Sense of Duty • Resignation and Passivity • Severing the Rope of Duty: Separation and Transition • Bringing the Self into Focus • Resolution in Remarrying • Stuck! Buried Under Work • Sacked and Solitary • Exploration of Alternatives • Back to Study • Enjoyment: The Focus of a New Life Structure 5.15 Between-Case Analyses beyond the Clusters After conducting analysis on the clusters, cluster coding lists were combined and synthesised to search for any higher common patterns. Firstly, clusters were combined into genders to search for gender-specific patterns, and then were combined into the total Study 1 sample group. Analysis did elicit a common four-phase common process to the crises in Study 1. These phases appear in an invariant sequence in participants, with one or two exceptions on specific phases that will be made explicit in the following chapters. Table XI presents cluster themes within this 78
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DEVELOPMENTAL CRISIS IN EARLY ADULT
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Acknowledgements I would like to th
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7 Study 2: Rescuing the Hijacked Se
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considered to be a constructive par
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models, psychodynamic theory, socia
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This literature review will act as
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stable structures, by the assimilat
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goal-directed sense, but there is a
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“Where such a Dream exists, we ar
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Table I. Caplan’s Four Phases of
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Table III. O’Connor and Wolfe’s
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“Having a crisis at the time is n
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1. Undergoing stressful experiences
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The store of self-knowledge provide
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has, according to Booker (2005), ev
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Page 33 and 34: isolated set of me-facts but is dee
Page 35 and 36: terms. These kind of popularised th
Page 37 and 38: involves genuine integration of com
Page 39 and 40: Figure 5. Births within marriage an
Page 41 and 42: ecorded by the US Bureau of Labor S
Page 43 and 44: group data and statistical analysis
Page 45 and 46: cognitive dissonance theory on a si
Page 47 and 48: testing and theory-exemplification
Page 49 and 50: human agendas that shape knowledge.
Page 51 and 52: 4. A Composite Qualitative Methodol
Page 53 and 54: thesis, and I shall later in this c
Page 55 and 56: Nonetheless it could also be argued
Page 57 and 58: IPA can employ any written data sou
Page 59 and 60: ecommended to use a homogenous samp
Page 61 and 62: Case summaries are another written
Page 63 and 64: similarities that bind clusters tog
Page 65 and 66: conclusions and findings in order t
Page 67 and 68: d) Resonance / Impact / Applicabili
Page 69 and 70: 3. A consent form detailing the key
Page 71 and 72: Dear all, I am currently in the 1 s
Page 73 and 74: accurately restructure the events,
Page 75 and 76: for the whole gender, and then with
Page 77 and 78: Neil 30 IT manager N.A. Violet 36 A
Page 79 and 80: areas were covered spontaneously as
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Page 85 and 86: 6. Study 1 Results: An Emerging Cri
Page 87 and 88: This vignette is illustrative and i
Page 89 and 90: “By the time I moved into my own
Page 91 and 92: New vocational role In Phase 4, cri
Page 93 and 94: As Mary’s crisis emerges in her l
Page 95 and 96: Angela similarly learned to stand u
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Page 101 and 102: married with two children and was a
Page 103 and 104: acceptable.” (p.8). George was li
Page 105 and 106: “You know, I’d failed, it was t
Page 107 and 108: Phase 4 - Post-Crisis: Resolution A
Page 109 and 110: Phase 1 - Early Crisis: Constrictio
Page 111 and 112: In his early thirties, Leon finally
Page 113 and 114: Phase 1 - Early Crisis: Locked In A
Page 115 and 116: Phase 3 and 4: Exploration and Reso
Page 117 and 118: 6.6 Summary of the 4-Phase Pattern
Page 119 and 120: can also subtly undermine personal
Page 121 and 122: George developed a party-guy person
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Page 125 and 126: process in order to help account fo
Page 127 and 128: Data Collection In order to gain su
Page 129 and 130: Brainstorm memo #2 - “Guy: proces
Page 131 and 132: Results 7.3 Summary of Key Events i
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“That’s a realisation looking b
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efore the crisis Guy had lost the f
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that were pushing upon me that this
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Guy relates this behaviour to his s
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“I’ve stopped allowing myself t
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ecause an over-riding life emphasis
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transformation and development, rat
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8. Study 3: Crisis, Persona and the
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Peer pressure Need for social acce
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At the time of the crisis, Frank wa
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Frank’s young Dream was to become
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sham or an act. This dissonant dysf
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the ranks. Nobody tells you that yo
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“What I often refer to is a dress
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Claire described the business world
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a cellar, it’s really suffocating
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environment, during which time she
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and is no longer so concerned with
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understanding early adult crisis. T
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it leads to a lack of inner-outer b
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they can be channelled to support a
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9. A Conjectural Model of Early Adu
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The motivation for entering into th
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Phase 2: Separation Life Situation:
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training programme, a philosophy de
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“But I am going for jobs for diff
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9.3 Eight Theoretical Precepts on C
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homogeneity. For Jung, the removal
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assertiveness, for to act in accord
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throughout, and while this may glos
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lifespan and the context of relatio
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oth phases there is the description
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“In order to make commitments to
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Interactive Model and Smith’s Int
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economic groups get married earlier
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The Participant Feedback Exercise Y
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Question 3 asked whether the model
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10.9 Reflexive Considerations: The
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work that suggested crisis does occ
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may be of benefit to bring others i
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In sum, the current study provides
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References Ainsworth, M. (1967). In
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Cabrera, N.J., Tamis-LeMonda, C.S.,
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Festinger, L., Riecken, H.W. & Scha
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Hudson, W.C. (1978). Persona and De
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Lincoln, Y.S. & Guba, E.G. (1985).
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Polkinghorne, D.E. (1988). Narrativ
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Smith, J. (1991). Conceiving Selves
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Appendices 224
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SELF - process and structure • Wh
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“Dancing became absolutely phenom
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STUDY 3 - First Interview Schedule
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o How would you describe your new j
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Materialism • How do you think yo
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• Are you still as driven by mone
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Mark Interview 2 Schedule Pre-Crisi
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Victoria - Interview 2 guide Pre-Cr
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Claire - Interview 2 guide Pre-cris
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Lilly - Interview 2 Schedule Pre-Cr
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Information Sheet for Studies 1 and
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APPENDIX C School of Psychology Bir
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and so there was unused freedom. Lo
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5/02/05 As the crisis progresses, G
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Violet memos 09.02.05 Once again we
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acceptance of genuine possibility,
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All these ladies and gents went bac
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accompany the post-partition state.
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lack of available time to pursue an
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Pragmatism and Pluralism properties
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Cyclical and iterative nature of re
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Gemma Interview 10 Case Summary Gem
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Coding Frame and Quotes 1. Backgrou
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were trying to crush it too.” 4
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3d) Separation from old self 3e) Ne
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Rob kids Working as advertising exe
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Table XIX: Case Ordered Matrix of P
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