DEVELOPMENTAL CRISIS IN EARLY ADULTHOOD: A ...

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Table XVIII: Case Ordered Matrix of Phase 3 Features Name Phase 3 – Life Situation Phase 3: Experience and Identity Rachel Moves out of home, works as a teacher, then moves to California to do a PhD, joins the civil rights protests at Selmo Feels she has found a cause, a meaning, and is moving towards a new direction for life Mary Lynne Angela Violet Frances Camilla Gemma Dan George Neil Vern Takes time out to do a Masters in Transpersonal Psychology at Liverpool, takes up a variety of new ventures that reflect her passion for philosophy Goes into therapy and joins a poetry group, starts to explore herself and her emotions Reads self-help books and reviews her life so far in order to search for a future Firstly tries to make sense of her past, and then registers for a BA in Fine Art, while reading a lot Trains as an English teacher, moves to Turkey, reignites old friendships Gets onto a psychology degree and trains for a marathon Does counsellor training to pursue her passion for people and for the career she never had, explores her sexuality After severe six months of depression, does a course in plumbing and trains to be a teacher Does a psychology degree to follow passion of being a psychologist, moves away from old friends and old hedonistic life Trains to become a life coach, hedonistic period, spiritual search Goes into therapy, failed fresh start in new job, seeks self-understanding Realisation of possibility in life and self Feels open to new parts of herself and more creative A sense of “paring back the layers” of herself to discover who she was Reviewing her life, developing intuition and contact with feelings Rebuilding confidence and independence Growing sense of productiveness and assertiveness Experience of possibility and experimentation, sense of hope Sense of new balance, new hope and new focus on the future, as well as family New focus on balance, meaning and vocation Sense of irresponsible fun, then replaced by spiritual search Dismantling the façade Leon N.A. N.A. Guy Starts dancing regularly and reading science, explores spirituality and Quabbalah Trying to express himself, a sense of hope and excitement Ben Explore his passions for art and music, considers A sense of thrashing around career as art historian. Jack Goes into therapy, reads Freud, seeks selfunderstanding A sense of embarking on a “quest” and a “new world” Victoria Moves to the UK, takes up courses in English, explores new foods and travels Initially held back by boyfriend, but then experimental opening Claire N.A. N.A. Lilly Questions self and aims, decides she wants more than conventional family and job. Works on relationship with mother A sense of “navelgazing” and selfreflection, and a desire for harmony Frank Mark Rob Hedonistic phase, takes up writing, starts own business, explores self and gender, emphasis on emotional openness Goes freelance, then does a chef course, then does a masters in organisational behaviour Intense period of examining self, does freelance work, therapy, starting psychotherapy course, spiritual searching A sense of “screw the rules” and hedonistic fun, focus on emotion Oscillation between excitement and disappointment, as new ventures are started and fail A sense of “awakening” to new potentialities within him, searching for meaning 277
Table XIX: Case Ordered Matrix of Phase 4 Features Name Phase 4: Life Situation Phase 4: Experience and Identity Rachel Works as an academic, Builds new confidence as she sees she is an “excellent lecturer” Mary Works as lecturer on an MBA programme and film-maker Is happier, less stressed and more fulfilled than before, more aware of present moment Lynne Freelance Consultancy Happier, feels more “rounded” than before, has closer friendships, more in tune with feelings Angela In latter throws of Phase 3 at time of interview – still training as an art teacher Violet Artist and mother Happier, more independent, more fulfilled Frances Teacher, refugee volunteer Builds new confidence and feels stronger Camilla Carer for disabled people Feels more fulfilled, happier and more self-aware Gemma Dan George Neil Works in NHS surgery and aims to be a counsellor Lecturer in film and plumber, spends more time with family Working towards being a psychologist, no drugs, settled life Life coach and IT executive, happily married Feels happier and more fulfilled, feels stronger but also more vulnerable Feels far happier, calmer and more connected to his family, focused on a work-home balance and being in control Feels happier, more fulfilled and stronger, has a new long-term outlook Feels more mature, stronger, more passionate, more focused on making a difference Vern Remarries, goes freelance in IT profession Feels authentic, not compromised, open and happy Leon Stays in market research, remarries Feels more interesting, stronger, more appreciation of present moment Guy Freelance consultant, new relationship, spends lots of time with children Happier, more fulfilled, aware of feminine side, more caring, more Ben Jack Victoria connected to children Works as academic, no new “Vastly expanded” person in terms of relationship interests, experience and potential Still exploring at time of interview, yet to commit to new career or relationship Gets new job in import company, new relationship with Englishman Clare N.A. N.A. Lilly Starts new job in London in sponsorship, spends more time with friends Frank Mark Rob Commits to new relationship, gives up hedonism, seeks to balance emotionality with rationality, more balanced life structure Decides upon pursuing an academic career, and undertakes a PhD full-time. Starts new career in the charity sector, finds a new stable relationship, more balanced integration of values and life structure Finds a new “harmony” in herself, where outer and inner are in synchrony, rather than out of balance More open to unconventional success, more feminine, happier, more self-aware More growth-focused, “far better” selfknowledge, more focused on relationships, more open to feminine side More interesting, more caring, a “nicer” person, more satisfied More awake, more compassionate, more fulfilling relationships, more self-aware, happier 278
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DEVELOPMENTAL CRISIS IN EARLY ADULT
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Acknowledgements I would like to th
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7 Study 2: Rescuing the Hijacked Se
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considered to be a constructive par
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models, psychodynamic theory, socia
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This literature review will act as
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stable structures, by the assimilat
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goal-directed sense, but there is a
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“Where such a Dream exists, we ar
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Table I. Caplan’s Four Phases of
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Table III. O’Connor and Wolfe’s
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“Having a crisis at the time is n
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1. Undergoing stressful experiences
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The store of self-knowledge provide
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has, according to Booker (2005), ev
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of which represents a more complex
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isolated set of me-facts but is dee
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terms. These kind of popularised th
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involves genuine integration of com
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Figure 5. Births within marriage an
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ecorded by the US Bureau of Labor S
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group data and statistical analysis
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cognitive dissonance theory on a si
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testing and theory-exemplification
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human agendas that shape knowledge.
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4. A Composite Qualitative Methodol
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thesis, and I shall later in this c
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Nonetheless it could also be argued
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IPA can employ any written data sou
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ecommended to use a homogenous samp
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Case summaries are another written
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similarities that bind clusters tog
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conclusions and findings in order t
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d) Resonance / Impact / Applicabili
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3. A consent form detailing the key
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Dear all, I am currently in the 1 s
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accurately restructure the events,
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for the whole gender, and then with
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Neil 30 IT manager N.A. Violet 36 A
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areas were covered spontaneously as
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indication of important development
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starting with female clusters and t
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6. Study 1 Results: An Emerging Cri
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This vignette is illustrative and i
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“By the time I moved into my own
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New vocational role In Phase 4, cri
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As Mary’s crisis emerges in her l
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Angela similarly learned to stand u
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university to do a degree in psycho
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of my building, heated through by i
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married with two children and was a
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acceptable.” (p.8). George was li
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“You know, I’d failed, it was t
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Phase 4 - Post-Crisis: Resolution A
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Phase 1 - Early Crisis: Constrictio
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In his early thirties, Leon finally
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Phase 1 - Early Crisis: Locked In A
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Phase 3 and 4: Exploration and Reso
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6.6 Summary of the 4-Phase Pattern
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can also subtly undermine personal
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George developed a party-guy person
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sense of self, but meanwhile the se
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process in order to help account fo
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Data Collection In order to gain su
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Brainstorm memo #2 - “Guy: proces
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Results 7.3 Summary of Key Events i
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“That’s a realisation looking b
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efore the crisis Guy had lost the f
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that were pushing upon me that this
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Guy relates this behaviour to his s
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“I’ve stopped allowing myself t
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ecause an over-riding life emphasis
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transformation and development, rat
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8. Study 3: Crisis, Persona and the
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Peer pressure Need for social acce
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At the time of the crisis, Frank wa
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Frank’s young Dream was to become
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sham or an act. This dissonant dysf
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the ranks. Nobody tells you that yo
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“What I often refer to is a dress
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Claire described the business world
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a cellar, it’s really suffocating
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environment, during which time she
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and is no longer so concerned with
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understanding early adult crisis. T
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it leads to a lack of inner-outer b
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they can be channelled to support a
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9. A Conjectural Model of Early Adu
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The motivation for entering into th
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Phase 2: Separation Life Situation:
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training programme, a philosophy de
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“But I am going for jobs for diff
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9.3 Eight Theoretical Precepts on C
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homogeneity. For Jung, the removal
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assertiveness, for to act in accord
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throughout, and while this may glos
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lifespan and the context of relatio
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oth phases there is the description
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“In order to make commitments to
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Interactive Model and Smith’s Int
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economic groups get married earlier
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The Participant Feedback Exercise Y
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Question 3 asked whether the model
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10.9 Reflexive Considerations: The
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work that suggested crisis does occ
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may be of benefit to bring others i
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In sum, the current study provides
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References Ainsworth, M. (1967). In
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Cabrera, N.J., Tamis-LeMonda, C.S.,
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Festinger, L., Riecken, H.W. & Scha
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Hudson, W.C. (1978). Persona and De
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Lincoln, Y.S. & Guba, E.G. (1985).
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Polkinghorne, D.E. (1988). Narrativ
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Smith, J. (1991). Conceiving Selves
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Appendices 224
Page 231 and 232: SELF - process and structure • Wh
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Page 235 and 236: STUDY 3 - First Interview Schedule
Page 237 and 238: o How would you describe your new j
Page 239 and 240: Materialism • How do you think yo
Page 241 and 242: • Are you still as driven by mone
Page 243 and 244: Mark Interview 2 Schedule Pre-Crisi
Page 245 and 246: Victoria - Interview 2 guide Pre-Cr
Page 247 and 248: Claire - Interview 2 guide Pre-cris
Page 249 and 250: Lilly - Interview 2 Schedule Pre-Cr
Page 251 and 252: Information Sheet for Studies 1 and
Page 253 and 254: APPENDIX C School of Psychology Bir
Page 255 and 256: and so there was unused freedom. Lo
Page 257 and 258: 5/02/05 As the crisis progresses, G
Page 259 and 260: Violet memos 09.02.05 Once again we
Page 261 and 262: acceptance of genuine possibility,
Page 263 and 264: All these ladies and gents went bac
Page 265 and 266: accompany the post-partition state.
Page 267 and 268: lack of available time to pursue an
Page 269 and 270: Pragmatism and Pluralism properties
Page 271 and 272: Cyclical and iterative nature of re
Page 273 and 274: Gemma Interview 10 Case Summary Gem
Page 275 and 276: Coding Frame and Quotes 1. Backgrou
Page 277 and 278: were trying to crush it too.” 4
Page 279 and 280: 3d) Separation from old self 3e) Ne
Page 281: Rob kids Working as advertising exe
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