North Korean Policy Elites - Defense Technical Information Center

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Department Operations Department Unification Front Department External Liaison Department Number 35 Office (External Intelligence and Investigations) Table II-9. Departments with Direct Ties to Kim Chong-il Apparatus Sponsoring Agency Chief of Department Role KWP CC O Kuk-yol The Operations Department is responsible for waging espionage activities abroad, including infiltration into Japan and South Korea, SOF operations, and kidnappings. KWP CC Vacant since Kim Yong-sun’s death Oversees relations with ROK and Japan, including psychological/ propaganda campaigns. KWP CC Kang Kwan-chu Intelligence collection and recruitment of agents. Works closely with Chosen Soren. KWP CC Kim Kyong-hui Weapons and narcotics trafficking. Number 38 Office KWP CC Yim Song-chung Runs front organizations for hard currency (hotels, restaurants, factories, stores). Responsible for buying daily necessities for Kim Chong-il and his family from foreign countries. Number 39 Office (may have been merged into Office 38) KWP CC Kwon Yong-nok Sells precious metals overseas for hard currency. Also involved in drug production and trafficking. Oversees apparatus for securing foreign currency for Kim Chongil’s use. Number 99 Office KWP CC Kim Sol-song (Kim Chong-il’s daughter) Number 312 Office (finance and supply?) Accounting Department 519 th Liaison Office State Security Department Kumsusan Assembly Hall (Presidential Palace) Reconnaissance Bureau, MPAF 964 th Unit, KPA Security Command 3 rd Bureau (operations) 99 th General Bureau Third Floor Staff Ministry of Public Security Ministry of Foreign Trade Kim Chong-il’s Personal Secretariat Kim Chol-su (director?) Col. Gen. Kim Taesik Gen. Won U-chi (commander) Choe Yong-su (minister) Yi Kwang-kun (minister) Kim Chung-il Kil Chae-kyong Kwon Yong-nok Kim Su-yong Handles some slush funds. Also oversees some aspects of North Korea’s computer technology infrastructure. Acquires funds and goods for Kim Chongil’s use, often funneled through front companies. Runs Nungra 888 General Trading Company to secure foreign currency. Collection of strategic and operational intelligence. Transport company for leadership. Used for various foreign currency ventures. Collects foreign intelligence. Facilitated weapons sales abroad. Tied to Number 35 Office of KWP CC. Vets Ministry of Foreign Affairs reports. Oversees Kim Chong-il’s funds and “special” procurements in Europe. II-34
For the rest of the North Korean leadership, there are some dedicated channels of information, but the amount of foreign news is limited compared to what is generated through Kim Chong-il’s apparatus. The primary source of information for high-ranking North Korean officials (vice director and above) comes through access to specially produced newspapers and magazines covering domestic and world news. These publications are treated as classified material, but are used to inform officials responsible for developing policy initiatives. The major source of information for the North Korean leadership on issues relating to world affairs comes from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Monitoring stations are set up in selected capitals (Washington, Tokyo, Beijing, and Moscow) to track foreign news broadcasts. This information is then relayed to the appropriate country desks within the Ministry of Foreign Affairs for processing and analysis. Foreign newspapers are used to provide context to the analysis, but the lack of timeliness marginalizes their use. 67 The dissemination of this analysis is strictly limited. The Situation and Data Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, which monitors foreign radio and television broadcasts, creates a daily report which is disseminated at the director level throughout the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and presumably to other critical party and government offices. Members of the Politburo, Secretariat, and National Defense Commission have access to daily coded cables from North Korean embassies, usually compiled by the ambassador’s office and vetted by the State Security Department. 68 These reports include information based on local newspapers and other publications, supplemented with some analysis by embassy officers. Because of the source of the information, these reports are treated as classified. However, unlike in the Soviet Union and China, the ability of the senior North Korean leaders to draw upon experts beyond their staffs to help them understand this material is limited. Formal ties between leadership institutions, such as the Politburo, and research organizations (something that became popular in the Soviet Union in the 1950s) do not exist. 69 Another source for world news is the Chosun Central News Agency. Its Department of Reference News collates and disseminates 18 kinds of materials, including Reference News, and Reference Paper, based on a constant monitoring of the international news through newspapers and broadcastings. 70 The Reference News contains daily reviews of the foreign press divided by 67 In the past, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs has not been given access to the Internet out of fear that its use to provide depth to data collected on international issues might provide a venue for foreign ideas. Recently, however, North Korea has begun to experiment with limited Internet access within the ministry. Discussion with North Korean analysts at the Korean Institute for National Unification, November 2003. 68 Discussion with Kim Kwang-in, December 2003. 69 Discussion with a former staff officer in the KWP Central Committee, May 2001. 70 Kim, Kwang-in, “Reference News: A Periscope to South Korea,” Chosun Ilbo (May 1, 2001). II-35
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INSTITUTE FOR DEFENSE ANALYSES Nort
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INSTITUTE FOR DEFENSE ANALYSES IDA
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CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY & INTROD
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To write accurately about North Kor
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technocrats, provincial and county
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PREFACE This paper will examine in
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ABBREVIATIONS AGI CCSKA COMSEC DoD
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information streams, and from him t
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within the hands of a few individua
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and whether or not he will embarras
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to the lowest-levels of the KPA. As
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strengthening of all armed forces,
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esearch institutes and “think tan
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The primary missions of the Reconna
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communication that generally fall o
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of the State Security Department or
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maintaining strict control over the
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agencies in the ROK and Japan began
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The Guard and Security Commands, wh
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eports that are funneled up through
Page 50 and 51: Complicating the entire “Kim-cent
Page 52 and 53: Within the military, this dynamic c
Page 54 and 55: him that all significant orders and
Page 56 and 57: Until the 1990s, the electronic med
Page 59: II. THE NORTH KOREAN LEADERSHIP: SY
Page 62 and 63: TABLES 1. Key Family Members in the
Page 64 and 65: The factional struggles in North Ko
Page 67 and 68: A. INTRODUCTION By definition, a to
Page 69 and 70: C. THE TECHNOLOGY OF POWER A Party
Page 71 and 72: document control bureaus in each mi
Page 73 and 74: Originally implemented in 1994 and
Page 75 and 76: Table II-1. Key Family Members in t
Page 77 and 78: of associates who trace their relat
Page 79 and 80: September 9, 2003, showed a change
Page 81 and 82: Chart II-2: Secretariat 5. Kye Ung-
Page 83 and 84: Members 1. Yi Ul-sul 4. Yi Yong-mu
Page 85 and 86: Table II-6. Kim Chong-il’s Princi
Page 87 and 88: Table II-7. Kim Chong-il’s Person
Page 89 and 90: chance to unfold. In terms of syste
Page 91 and 92: domestic policy arena, the split is
Page 93 and 94: At the second echelon of power, Kim
Page 95 and 96: D. FLOW OF INFORMATION George Kenna
Page 97 and 98: about things that affect their care
Page 99: (ID) and External Liaison (ELD) dep
Page 103 and 104: the focus for not only a significan
Page 105 and 106: At the 11 th Supreme People’s Ass
Page 107 and 108: There is little doubt that one of t
Page 109 and 110: decision-making process. Moreover,
Page 111: III. THE WELL-INFORMED CADRE RALPH
Page 115 and 116: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY DEFINITIONS AND A
Page 117: greater access to first-hand inform
Page 120 and 121: The first question addressed by thi
Page 122 and 123: But this lack of enthusiasm is prob
Page 124 and 125: as the 1950s. 16 The security organ
Page 126 and 127: Another way to look at divisions wi
Page 128 and 129: Because the Kim regime governs acco
Page 130 and 131: guess is that anyone who rises in t
Page 132 and 133: But even though the media serve as
Page 134 and 135: Newspapers The DPRK’s premier new
Page 136 and 137: motivation in its readers through m
Page 138 and 139: Page 2: • Kim Jong-suk’s develo
Page 140 and 141: This selection of news items presen
Page 142 and 143: in the wake of the U.S. propaganda
Page 144 and 145: the general audience in a two-step
Page 146 and 147: also countries surrounding the Kore
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and transform us internally through
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eceived with little thought and has
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outside world than the ordinary wor
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cognitive dissonance, particular ca
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IV. INSIDE NORTH KOREA’S BLACK BO
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The North Korean
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A. BETTER, MERRIER, MORE HOPEFUL LI
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In contrast, the optimists believe
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to the throne. The State Council us
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1976-1977, 4 and in 1986-1987 (see
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Bulgarian Trade Unions, after which
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Second, the principal objective of
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southward expansion, and, last but
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controlling some of North Korea’s
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also against the second-tier family
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Kim Sung-ae, who is Kim Il Sung’s
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“National Security Establishment
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October 1980. Many of them (Yon Hyo
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severe draught in 1988 and the dram
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The advent of the “Songun Era”
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IV-30
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Bearing in mind Kim Jong Il’s rec
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Table IV-2. Composition of the Nort
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Cabinet Posts 10 th SPA 11 th SPA R
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Eastern Europe. That was reportedly
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Table IV-5. Leading Ideologues Insi
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Table IV-7. Regional Origins of Top
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“Foreign Wind” The “foreign w
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Table IV-10. Some of the Most Influ
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Table IV-11. The North-South “Han
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Song Sok Hwan Vice-Minister Cha Sun
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Table IV-13. Korean-American “Int
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content and government monitoring.
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Northern security, military, and pa
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APPENDIX B TONGIL STREET FREE MARKE
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V. REACHING INTO NORTH KOREA DAVID
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY North Korea is no
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message right to Kim Jong-il, and m
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isk escape from the hermit kingdom.
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Society is divided into three broad
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contradictions.” 17 This makes se
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Internet is not specifically mentio
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led to a training program for young
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North Korea’s exports from legiti
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een the biggest buyers of ivory ove
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worker who travels throughout North
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If we want to reach into North Kore
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conversations with the correct mix
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Although the future of cellular tel
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There are a host of other things on
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Each of the five papers in this col
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promotions) and punishments (e.g.,
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although presumably all calls are m
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cultural rules.” Given the “str
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Speaking of Kim, whom does he consu
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Terms of Reference: North Korean Po
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Joseph S. Bermudez Jr. is an intern
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APPENDIX C ASIAN VIEWS OF NORTH KOR
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In any case, the reforms provide a
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View from Seoul The single most imp
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