North Korean Policy Elites - Defense Technical Information Center

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he appears to favor the younger son, Kim Jong Un. Despite their tender age, Kim Jong Il encourages them to learn more about the Korean People’s Army and develop personal friendships with the children of senior Korean generals. As a result, they are seen as the darlings of the KPA’s generals’ corps. Because of their quarter-Japanese roots and fascination with the Japanese culture and tastes inherited from their half-Japanese mother, they are seen as potential conduits for Japanese influence at the Kim’s court. Kim Jong Il’s sole official wife, the now-deceased Kim Yong Suk, born in 1947, failed to deliver any male heirs and gave birth to his only legitimate children recognized by Kim Il Sung – two daughters, including his beloved eldest daughter Kim Seol Song. She was born in 1974, educated inside North Korea, and knows very well traditional values and the North Korean system. She is very sophisticated and can speak fluently several foreign languages, including Russian, English, French, and Spanish. Kim Jong Il asked her to work at the WPK Secretariat, Office 99. She follows him everywhere. She takes part in many of his meetings with foreigners as his personal assistant. Kim Jong Il is said to be very proud of her accomplishments. She seems to follow Russian developments with particular interest. The father and daughter are said to have a genuine psychological connection. Some observers wonder what role Kim Jong Il may have in mind for his daughter during the power transition period, speculating that in case of emergency, Kim Seol Song may become North Korea’s future powerful Queen Min (Minbi), serving as a regent to Kim Jong Il’s younger sons from Ko Young-Hui, should that become necessary one day. Kim Jong Il also was very close to Kim Yong Suk’s younger brother Kim Yong Sun, who became the WPK CC Secretary in charge of International Affairs, but was killed in a car accident on June 16, 2003. In addition, in the late 1960s, Kim Jong Il was rumored to have had a love affair with the current female President of Kim Hyong-jik University of Education, Hong Il-chon, who allegedly delivered a daughter named Kim Hye-kyong to him in 1968. Kim Jong Il’s children, legitimate and bastard, and their respective relatives compete for his attention, favors, benevolence, and a succession preference not only among themselves, but IV-16
also against the second-tier family of his dearest sister and Kim Il Sung’s only daughter, Kim Kyong-Hui. 11 Kim Kyong-hui was born in 1946; she is a graduate of the Kim Il Sung University and is rumored to be very close to the heart and mind of the Dear Leader. As one Pyongyang insider notes, “For Kim Jong Il, only his sister Kim Kyong-Hui counts. He always protected her from their step-mother.” Kim Kyong-Hui’s family can ground her hereditary succession claim on the simple fact that she and her husband, Chang Sung-thaek, have delivered the only legitimate grandson to the Great Leader Kim Il Sung, which makes him the only legitimate third-generation male heir to Kim Il Sung’s throne. His name is Chang Kim-song and he is known to have studied in Sweden in the late 1990s. They also have a smart and beautiful daughter, Kim Gum Sung, born in 1978, whom Kim Jong Il asked to work at the party central committee, where her mother heads the WPK CC Economic Policy Inspection Department. Without doubt, Kim Jong Il adores and loves his sister very much, and she is said to be his close confident. The Dear Leader also likes his brother-in-law Chang Sung-thaek a lot and allegedly delegated the oversight of the state security apparatus to him. Since the early 1980s, Chang Sung-thaek has worked at the WPK CC, first spearheading the Youth and Three Revolutions Team Department and later as the first deputy director of the Organization and Guidance Department, a position held by Kim Jong Il before his ascendance to power in the 1970s. That fact gave rise to speculation that one day “Comrade Director Chang” or his son may inherit Kim Jong Il’s mantle. Chang Sung-thaek is believed to have substantial influence over Kim Jong Il directly and through his wife Kim Kyong-Hui. He is the only close relative of Kim Jong Il, who visited the Republic of Korea in November 2002. He left a very good impression in Seoul as a modernizer and supporter of economic reforms and is regarded as a potential conduit for South Korean influence inside Pyongyang’s Versailles. Kim Jong Il seems to use the Chang family and three Chang brothers as his eyes and ears inside the state security apparatus. He placed Chang’s older brother, Vice-Marshal Chang Sung- U (born in 1935), who had previously served at the Ministry of People’s Security and the General Guards Bureau, in charge of the Political Bureau of the MPAF’s Guard Command and the Third Army Corps deployed in Pyongyang and critical for the regime security. He also appointed Chang Song-kil, Chang Sung-thaek’s younger brother, as the deputy commander of the 4th Corps. This notwithstanding, one has to remember that in the mid-1970s, Kim Jong Il and Chang Sung-thaek had a rather tense relationship because of Kim Il Sung’s purge of Chang Sung-thaek’s uncle, Chang Chon Hwan, the then-Deputy Minister of the People’s Armed Forces. 11 Kim Jong Il is said to have had a younger brother Kim Tong-il (who was named Shura in Russian), who was born in Khabarovsk in the former Soviet Union in 1944 and drowned in Pyongyang at the age of four in 1947. Kim Jong Il’s second brother was said to have been still-born in September 1949. IV-17
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INSTITUTE FOR DEFENSE ANALYSES Nort
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INSTITUTE FOR DEFENSE ANALYSES IDA
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CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY & INTROD
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To write accurately about North Kor
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technocrats, provincial and county
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PREFACE This paper will examine in
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ABBREVIATIONS AGI CCSKA COMSEC DoD
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information streams, and from him t
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within the hands of a few individua
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and whether or not he will embarras
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to the lowest-levels of the KPA. As
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strengthening of all armed forces,
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esearch institutes and “think tan
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The primary missions of the Reconna
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communication that generally fall o
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of the State Security Department or
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maintaining strict control over the
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agencies in the ROK and Japan began
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The Guard and Security Commands, wh
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eports that are funneled up through
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Complicating the entire “Kim-cent
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Within the military, this dynamic c
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him that all significant orders and
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Until the 1990s, the electronic med
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II. THE NORTH KOREAN LEADERSHIP: SY
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TABLES 1. Key Family Members in the
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The factional struggles in North Ko
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A. INTRODUCTION By definition, a to
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C. THE TECHNOLOGY OF POWER A Party
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document control bureaus in each mi
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Originally implemented in 1994 and
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Table II-1. Key Family Members in t
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of associates who trace their relat
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September 9, 2003, showed a change
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Chart II-2: Secretariat 5. Kye Ung-
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Members 1. Yi Ul-sul 4. Yi Yong-mu
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Table II-6. Kim Chong-il’s Princi
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Table II-7. Kim Chong-il’s Person
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chance to unfold. In terms of syste
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domestic policy arena, the split is
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At the second echelon of power, Kim
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D. FLOW OF INFORMATION George Kenna
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about things that affect their care
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(ID) and External Liaison (ELD) dep
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For the rest of the North Korean le
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the focus for not only a significan
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At the 11 th Supreme People’s Ass
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There is little doubt that one of t
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decision-making process. Moreover,
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III. THE WELL-INFORMED CADRE RALPH
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY DEFINITIONS AND A
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greater access to first-hand inform
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The first question addressed by thi
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But this lack of enthusiasm is prob
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as the 1950s. 16 The security organ
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Another way to look at divisions wi
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Because the Kim regime governs acco
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Page 132 and 133: But even though the media serve as
Page 134 and 135: Newspapers The DPRK’s premier new
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Page 138 and 139: Page 2: • Kim Jong-suk’s develo
Page 140 and 141: This selection of news items presen
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Page 146 and 147: also countries surrounding the Kore
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Page 152 and 153: eceived with little thought and has
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Page 156 and 157: cognitive dissonance, particular ca
Page 159: IV. INSIDE NORTH KOREA’S BLACK BO
Page 163 and 164: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The North Korean
Page 165 and 166: A. BETTER, MERRIER, MORE HOPEFUL LI
Page 167 and 168: In contrast, the optimists believe
Page 169 and 170: to the throne. The State Council us
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Page 175 and 176: Second, the principal objective of
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Page 179: controlling some of North Korea’s
Page 183 and 184: Kim Sung-ae, who is Kim Il Sung’s
Page 185 and 186: “National Security Establishment
Page 187 and 188: October 1980. Many of them (Yon Hyo
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Page 192 and 193: The advent of the “Songun Era”
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Page 196 and 197: Bearing in mind Kim Jong Il’s rec
Page 198 and 199: Table IV-2. Composition of the Nort
Page 200 and 201: Cabinet Posts 10 th SPA 11 th SPA R
Page 202 and 203: Eastern Europe. That was reportedly
Page 204 and 205: Table IV-5. Leading Ideologues Insi
Page 206 and 207: Table IV-7. Regional Origins of Top
Page 208 and 209: “Foreign Wind” The “foreign w
Page 210 and 211: Table IV-10. Some of the Most Influ
Page 212 and 213: Table IV-11. The North-South “Han
Page 214 and 215: Song Sok Hwan Vice-Minister Cha Sun
Page 216 and 217: Table IV-13. Korean-American “Int
Page 218 and 219: content and government monitoring.
Page 220 and 221: Northern security, military, and pa
Page 223: APPENDIX B TONGIL STREET FREE MARKE
Page 227: V. REACHING INTO NORTH KOREA DAVID
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY North Korea is no
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message right to Kim Jong-il, and m
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isk escape from the hermit kingdom.
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Society is divided into three broad
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contradictions.” 17 This makes se
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Internet is not specifically mentio
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led to a training program for young
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North Korea’s exports from legiti
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een the biggest buyers of ivory ove
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worker who travels throughout North
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If we want to reach into North Kore
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conversations with the correct mix
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Although the future of cellular tel
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There are a host of other things on
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Each of the five papers in this col
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promotions) and punishments (e.g.,
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although presumably all calls are m
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cultural rules.” Given the “str
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Speaking of Kim, whom does he consu
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Terms of Reference: North Korean Po
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Joseph S. Bermudez Jr. is an intern
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APPENDIX C ASIAN VIEWS OF NORTH KOR
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In any case, the reforms provide a
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View from Seoul The single most imp
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