North Korean Policy Elites - Defense Technical Information Center

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Table II-4. Illustrative Relationships in the Kim Chong-il Regime (continued) Name Position Relationship(s) VM Cho Myong-nok First Vice Chairman Rumored to be rival of O NDC, Director GPB Kuk-yol. VM Kim Il-chol VM Paek Hak-nim VM Pak Ki-so VM Kim Yong-chun VM Chang Song-u Gen. Yi Myong-su Kang Sok-chu Kim Gye-gwan Yi Yong-ho Minister of People’s Armed Forces Former Minister of Public Security Commander, Pyongyang Defense Command Member NDC, Chief, KPA General Staff Commander, 3 rd Corps Director, General Staff Operations Bureau First Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs Ambassador at Large, Ministry of Foreign Affairs Counterweight to Cho Myong-nok Older brother of Chang Song-taek Close career relationship with Kim Yong-nam Protégé of Kim Yong-nam Adviser to Kang Sok-chu on issues relating to U.S. Ho Chong Ambassador at Large Close to Kang Sok-chu and Kim Yong-nam. Pak Kil-yon Ambassador to UN Close to Kang Sok-chu and Ko Yong-hui (Kim Chong-il’s mistress). Kim Chong-il Relationship Studied at Mangyongdae Revolutionary Institute. Rumored to be a relative of Kim Chong-il. Former bodyguard of Kim Il-sung. Faithful servant to Kim family. Kim Chong-il’s cousin. Uncovered coup attempt in 1994-95. Rumored to be close to Kim Chong-il Former Chief of Staff to Chang Song-u, Commander of 3 rd Corps and brother of Chang Song-taek. Enjoys Kim Chong-il’s trust. Wife was translator to Kim Song-ae, which hurt his standing with Kim Chong-il. Rumored to be the son of Yi Myong-chae, member of Kim Chong-il’s personal secretariat. Measuring Influence There are numerous ways of dividing the North Korean leadership in an effort to measure influence. The most recognizable way is through leadership ranking, which is obtained through official postings (such as obituaries) and observations made at official functions. The leadership ranking at the commemorative troop review and mass demonstration marking the 55th anniversary of the founding of the North Korean state, which opened at Kim Il-song Square on II-12
September 9, 2003, showed a change in which Pak Pong-chu, the newly appointed Cabinet premier, ascended to number six, while Guard Commander Yi Ul-sol (KPA marshal), who until last year had been in the top-10 ranking, was pushed out of the top 20. In addition to this, Chang Song-u, has entered the top 20 for the first time, which reveals a significant increase in his standing within the North Korean military. Table II-5. Leadership Rankings 2000-2003 Order 25 Apr 00 KPA Founding 9 Sep 01 State Founding 25 Apr 02 KPA Founding 3 Sep 03 1st Session of 11th SPA 9 Sep 03 State Founding 1 - - Kim Chong-il Kim Chong-il Kim Chong-il 2 Kim Yong-nam Kim Yong-nam Kim Yong-nam Kim Yong-nam Kim Yong-nam 3 Cho Myong-nok Hong Song-nam Chong Myongnok Cho Myong-nok Cho Myong-nok 4 Kim Yong-ch’un Kim Il-ch’ol Pak Song-ch’ol Pak Song-ch’ol Pak Song-ch’ol 5 Kim Il-ch’ol Yi Ul-sol Kim Yong-chu Kim Yong-chu Kim Yong-chu 6 Yi Ul-sol Paek Hak-nim Hong Song-nam Hong Song-nam Pak Pong-chu 7 Hong Song-nam Chon Pyong-ho Kim Yong-ch’un Kim Yong-ch’un Kim Yong-ch’un 8 Kye Ung-t’ae Kim Ch’ol-man Kim Il-ch’ol Kim Il-ch’ol Kim Il-ch’ol 9 Paek Hak-nim Kye Ung-t’ae Yi Ul-sol Chon Pyong-ho Yon Hyong-muk 10 Yi Yong-mu Han Song-yong Paek Hak-nim Yon Hyong-muk Yi Yong-mu 11 Kim Ch’ol-man Ch’oe T’ae-pok Chon Pyong-ho Han Song-yong Chon Pyong-ho 12 Ch’oe T’ae-pok Yang Hyong-sop Yon Hyong-muk Kye Ung-t’ae Han Song-yong 13 Yang Hyong-sop Kim Chung-nin Han Song-yong Yi Yong-mu Kye Ung-t’ae 14 Ch’oe Yong-nim Kim Yong-sun Kye Ung-t’ae Yi Ul-sol Kim Ch’ol-man 15 Kim Kuk-t’ae Chong Ha-ch’ol Kim Ch’ol-man Paek Hak-nim Ch’oe T’ae-pok 16 Kim Ki-nam Yi Yong-mu Ch’oe T’ae-pok Kim Ch’ol-man Yang Hyong-sop 17 Kim Chung-nin Kim Ik-hyon Yang Hyong-sop Yang Hyongsop Kim Kuk-t’ae 18 Kim Ik-hyon Kim Yong-yon Ch’oe Yong-nim Ch’oe T’ae-pok Chong Ha-ch’ol 19 Yi Ha-il Kwak Pom-ki Kim Kuk-t’ae - Kim Chung-nin 20 Kim Yun-hyok Kim Yun-hyok Chong Ha-ch’ol - Chang Song-u Guidance Inspections Official positions and functions may provide some clues as to which leaders have access to Kim Chong-il, but the question of who has the North Korean leader’s confidence is difficult to II-13
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INSTITUTE FOR DEFENSE ANALYSES Nort
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INSTITUTE FOR DEFENSE ANALYSES IDA
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CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY & INTROD
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To write accurately about North Kor
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technocrats, provincial and county
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PREFACE This paper will examine in
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ABBREVIATIONS AGI CCSKA COMSEC DoD
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information streams, and from him t
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within the hands of a few individua
Page 28 and 29: and whether or not he will embarras
Page 30 and 31: to the lowest-levels of the KPA. As
Page 32 and 33: strengthening of all armed forces,
Page 34 and 35: esearch institutes and “think tan
Page 36 and 37: The primary missions of the Reconna
Page 38 and 39: communication that generally fall o
Page 40 and 41: of the State Security Department or
Page 42 and 43: maintaining strict control over the
Page 44 and 45: agencies in the ROK and Japan began
Page 46 and 47: The Guard and Security Commands, wh
Page 48 and 49: eports that are funneled up through
Page 50 and 51: Complicating the entire “Kim-cent
Page 52 and 53: Within the military, this dynamic c
Page 54 and 55: him that all significant orders and
Page 56 and 57: Until the 1990s, the electronic med
Page 59: II. THE NORTH KOREAN LEADERSHIP: SY
Page 62 and 63: TABLES 1. Key Family Members in the
Page 64 and 65: The factional struggles in North Ko
Page 67 and 68: A. INTRODUCTION By definition, a to
Page 69 and 70: C. THE TECHNOLOGY OF POWER A Party
Page 71 and 72: document control bureaus in each mi
Page 73 and 74: Originally implemented in 1994 and
Page 75 and 76: Table II-1. Key Family Members in t
Page 77: of associates who trace their relat
Page 81 and 82: Chart II-2: Secretariat 5. Kye Ung-
Page 83 and 84: Members 1. Yi Ul-sul 4. Yi Yong-mu
Page 85 and 86: Table II-6. Kim Chong-il’s Princi
Page 87 and 88: Table II-7. Kim Chong-il’s Person
Page 89 and 90: chance to unfold. In terms of syste
Page 91 and 92: domestic policy arena, the split is
Page 93 and 94: At the second echelon of power, Kim
Page 95 and 96: D. FLOW OF INFORMATION George Kenna
Page 97 and 98: about things that affect their care
Page 99 and 100: (ID) and External Liaison (ELD) dep
Page 101 and 102: For the rest of the North Korean le
Page 103 and 104: the focus for not only a significan
Page 105 and 106: At the 11 th Supreme People’s Ass
Page 107 and 108: There is little doubt that one of t
Page 109 and 110: decision-making process. Moreover,
Page 111: III. THE WELL-INFORMED CADRE RALPH
Page 115 and 116: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY DEFINITIONS AND A
Page 117: greater access to first-hand inform
Page 120 and 121: The first question addressed by thi
Page 122 and 123: But this lack of enthusiasm is prob
Page 124 and 125: as the 1950s. 16 The security organ
Page 126 and 127: Another way to look at divisions wi
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Because the Kim regime governs acco
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guess is that anyone who rises in t
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But even though the media serve as
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Newspapers The DPRK’s premier new
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motivation in its readers through m
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Page 2: • Kim Jong-suk’s develo
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This selection of news items presen
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in the wake of the U.S. propaganda
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the general audience in a two-step
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also countries surrounding the Kore
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that the war in Iraq was “a test
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and transform us internally through
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eceived with little thought and has
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outside world than the ordinary wor
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cognitive dissonance, particular ca
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IV. INSIDE NORTH KOREA’S BLACK BO
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The North Korean
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A. BETTER, MERRIER, MORE HOPEFUL LI
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In contrast, the optimists believe
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to the throne. The State Council us
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1976-1977, 4 and in 1986-1987 (see
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Bulgarian Trade Unions, after which
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Second, the principal objective of
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southward expansion, and, last but
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controlling some of North Korea’s
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also against the second-tier family
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Kim Sung-ae, who is Kim Il Sung’s
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“National Security Establishment
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October 1980. Many of them (Yon Hyo
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severe draught in 1988 and the dram
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The advent of the “Songun Era”
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IV-30
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Bearing in mind Kim Jong Il’s rec
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Table IV-2. Composition of the Nort
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Cabinet Posts 10 th SPA 11 th SPA R
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Eastern Europe. That was reportedly
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Table IV-5. Leading Ideologues Insi
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Table IV-7. Regional Origins of Top
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“Foreign Wind” The “foreign w
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Table IV-10. Some of the Most Influ
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Table IV-11. The North-South “Han
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Song Sok Hwan Vice-Minister Cha Sun
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Table IV-13. Korean-American “Int
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content and government monitoring.
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Northern security, military, and pa
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APPENDIX B TONGIL STREET FREE MARKE
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V. REACHING INTO NORTH KOREA DAVID
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY North Korea is no
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message right to Kim Jong-il, and m
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isk escape from the hermit kingdom.
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Society is divided into three broad
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contradictions.” 17 This makes se
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Internet is not specifically mentio
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led to a training program for young
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North Korea’s exports from legiti
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een the biggest buyers of ivory ove
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worker who travels throughout North
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If we want to reach into North Kore
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conversations with the correct mix
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Although the future of cellular tel
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There are a host of other things on
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Each of the five papers in this col
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promotions) and punishments (e.g.,
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although presumably all calls are m
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cultural rules.” Given the “str
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Speaking of Kim, whom does he consu
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Terms of Reference: North Korean Po
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Joseph S. Bermudez Jr. is an intern
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APPENDIX C ASIAN VIEWS OF NORTH KOR
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In any case, the reforms provide a
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View from Seoul The single most imp
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