North Korean Policy Elites - Defense Technical Information Center

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leader, and an individualized conglomerate of military and civilian leadership. 9 In many respects, it is this Confucian culture that lends legitimacy to the leader and his regime. From its earliest days, the North Korean regime practiced nepotism, placing Kim Ilsung’s relatives and close associates into key posts in the ruling troika (party, state, and military) as part of the father-to-son dynastic succession plan. Under Kim Il-sung, relatives held about 24 key positions in the North Korean apparatus. Table II-1. Key Family Members in the Kim Il-sung Regime Name Relation Position Ranking Kim Il-sung General Secretary, President 1 Kim Chong-il Eldest son of Kim Il-sung Politburo, Secretariat, 2 Chairman of NDC Kang Song-san Younger maternal cousin of Politburo, Premier 4 Kim Il-sung Pak Song-chol Son-in-law of Kim Hyongnok, uncle of Kim Il-sung Politburo Vice President 5 Kim Tal-hyon Kim Yong-sun Hwang Changyop Kim Chung-nin Kim Chang-chu Kang Sok-sung Yang Hyong-sop Husband of Kim Il-sung’s second niece Younger brother of Kim Chong-suk, ex-wife of Kim Il-sung Husband of Kim Il-sung’s niece Wife of Kim Yong-chu, younger brother of Kim Ilsung Son of Kim Hyong-nok, uncle of Kim Il-sung Relative of Kim Il-sung on his mother’s side Husband of Kim Sin-suk, daughter of Kim Il-sung’s father’s sister Alternate Politburo, Deputy Premier, Chairman, External Economic Commission, Trade Minister Alternate Politburo Secretariat Chief, KWP International Dept. Secretariat Vice Chairman, Committee for Peaceful Unification Secretariat, Chairman, Qualifications Committee (Central People’s Assembly) 14 19 27 28 Deputy Premier 32 Head, Institute of KWP History 38 Chairman, SPA 42 9 Kim Byung-ki and Soh Chang-rok, “The Dilemma of North Korean Reform: Where is it Going?” East Asian Review, Vol. 12, No. 4 (Winter 2000), pp. 105-19. II-8
Table II-1. Key Family Members in the Kim Il-sung Regime (continued) Name Relation Position Ranking Kim Bong-ju Kang Hyon-su Chang Song-u Son of Kim Hyong-nok, uncle of Kim Il-sung, younger brother of Kim Chang-ju Son of Kang Yong-sok, Kim Il-sung’s mother’s brother Elder brother of Chang Song-taek Chairman, Democratic Front for the Unification of the Fatherland 51 Member CPC 101 Director Political Bureau, Public Security Ministry Kim Song-ae Wife of Kim Il-sung Chairman, Democratic Women’s League Kim Kyong-hi Yi Yong-mu Kim Chong-suk Chang Songtaek Kim Pyong-il Eldest daughter of Kim Ilsung, wife of Chang Song-taek Nephew of Yi Bo-ik, Kim Ilsung’s grandmother Second daughter of Kim Hyong-won, Kim Il-sung’s uncle Son-in-law of Kim Il-sung, husband of Kim Kyong-hui Second son of Kim Il-sung and Kim Song-ae, half brother of Kim Chong-il Director, KWP Light Industry Dept. Chairman, Transportation Commission 104 116 173 174 Editor-in-Chief, Minju Choson 291 1st Vice Director, OGD 302 Ambassador to Bulgaria Kim Chong-u Kim Il-sung’s cousin Chairman, External Economics Committee Kang Dok-su Vice Kang In-su Kang Yong-sop Kim Chon-gu Son of Kang Bo-sok, Kim Ilsung’s uncle on his mother’s side Son of Kang Bo-sok, Kim Ilsung’s uncle on his mother’s side Cousin of Kim Il-sung’s mother (son of Kang Yang-uk) Son of Kim Il-sung’s father’s sister Chairman, Choson Broadcasting Corp. Vice Minister, Chemical Industry Chairman, Choson Christian League Vice Minister, External Economic Ministry Under Kim Chong-il, the family-based patronage system has declined, with fewer direct family members occupying senior leadership portfolios. By 1996, close relatives of the Kim family within the leadership numbered six. Besides Kim Chong-il, they included Kim Kyong-hui, Chang Song-taek, Kim Yong-chu (Kim Il-sung’s brother, who returned to the leadership in 1992, II-9
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INSTITUTE FOR DEFENSE ANALYSES Nort
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INSTITUTE FOR DEFENSE ANALYSES IDA
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CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY & INTROD
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To write accurately about North Kor
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technocrats, provincial and county
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PREFACE This paper will examine in
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ABBREVIATIONS AGI CCSKA COMSEC DoD
Page 24 and 25: information streams, and from him t
Page 26 and 27: within the hands of a few individua
Page 28 and 29: and whether or not he will embarras
Page 30 and 31: to the lowest-levels of the KPA. As
Page 32 and 33: strengthening of all armed forces,
Page 34 and 35: esearch institutes and “think tan
Page 36 and 37: The primary missions of the Reconna
Page 38 and 39: communication that generally fall o
Page 40 and 41: of the State Security Department or
Page 42 and 43: maintaining strict control over the
Page 44 and 45: agencies in the ROK and Japan began
Page 46 and 47: The Guard and Security Commands, wh
Page 48 and 49: eports that are funneled up through
Page 50 and 51: Complicating the entire “Kim-cent
Page 52 and 53: Within the military, this dynamic c
Page 54 and 55: him that all significant orders and
Page 56 and 57: Until the 1990s, the electronic med
Page 59: II. THE NORTH KOREAN LEADERSHIP: SY
Page 62 and 63: TABLES 1. Key Family Members in the
Page 64 and 65: The factional struggles in North Ko
Page 67 and 68: A. INTRODUCTION By definition, a to
Page 69 and 70: C. THE TECHNOLOGY OF POWER A Party
Page 71 and 72: document control bureaus in each mi
Page 73: Originally implemented in 1994 and
Page 77 and 78: of associates who trace their relat
Page 79 and 80: September 9, 2003, showed a change
Page 81 and 82: Chart II-2: Secretariat 5. Kye Ung-
Page 83 and 84: Members 1. Yi Ul-sul 4. Yi Yong-mu
Page 85 and 86: Table II-6. Kim Chong-il’s Princi
Page 87 and 88: Table II-7. Kim Chong-il’s Person
Page 89 and 90: chance to unfold. In terms of syste
Page 91 and 92: domestic policy arena, the split is
Page 93 and 94: At the second echelon of power, Kim
Page 95 and 96: D. FLOW OF INFORMATION George Kenna
Page 97 and 98: about things that affect their care
Page 99 and 100: (ID) and External Liaison (ELD) dep
Page 101 and 102: For the rest of the North Korean le
Page 103 and 104: the focus for not only a significan
Page 105 and 106: At the 11 th Supreme People’s Ass
Page 107 and 108: There is little doubt that one of t
Page 109 and 110: decision-making process. Moreover,
Page 111: III. THE WELL-INFORMED CADRE RALPH
Page 115 and 116: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY DEFINITIONS AND A
Page 117: greater access to first-hand inform
Page 120 and 121: The first question addressed by thi
Page 122 and 123: But this lack of enthusiasm is prob
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as the 1950s. 16 The security organ
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Another way to look at divisions wi
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Because the Kim regime governs acco
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guess is that anyone who rises in t
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But even though the media serve as
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Newspapers The DPRK’s premier new
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motivation in its readers through m
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Page 2: • Kim Jong-suk’s develo
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This selection of news items presen
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in the wake of the U.S. propaganda
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the general audience in a two-step
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also countries surrounding the Kore
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that the war in Iraq was “a test
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and transform us internally through
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eceived with little thought and has
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outside world than the ordinary wor
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cognitive dissonance, particular ca
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IV. INSIDE NORTH KOREA’S BLACK BO
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The North Korean
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A. BETTER, MERRIER, MORE HOPEFUL LI
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In contrast, the optimists believe
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to the throne. The State Council us
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1976-1977, 4 and in 1986-1987 (see
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Bulgarian Trade Unions, after which
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Second, the principal objective of
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southward expansion, and, last but
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controlling some of North Korea’s
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also against the second-tier family
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Kim Sung-ae, who is Kim Il Sung’s
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“National Security Establishment
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October 1980. Many of them (Yon Hyo
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severe draught in 1988 and the dram
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The advent of the “Songun Era”
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IV-30
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Bearing in mind Kim Jong Il’s rec
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Table IV-2. Composition of the Nort
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Cabinet Posts 10 th SPA 11 th SPA R
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Eastern Europe. That was reportedly
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Table IV-5. Leading Ideologues Insi
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Table IV-7. Regional Origins of Top
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“Foreign Wind” The “foreign w
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Table IV-10. Some of the Most Influ
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Table IV-11. The North-South “Han
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Song Sok Hwan Vice-Minister Cha Sun
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Table IV-13. Korean-American “Int
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content and government monitoring.
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Northern security, military, and pa
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APPENDIX B TONGIL STREET FREE MARKE
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V. REACHING INTO NORTH KOREA DAVID
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY North Korea is no
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message right to Kim Jong-il, and m
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isk escape from the hermit kingdom.
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Society is divided into three broad
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contradictions.” 17 This makes se
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Internet is not specifically mentio
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led to a training program for young
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North Korea’s exports from legiti
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een the biggest buyers of ivory ove
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worker who travels throughout North
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If we want to reach into North Kore
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conversations with the correct mix
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Although the future of cellular tel
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There are a host of other things on
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Each of the five papers in this col
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promotions) and punishments (e.g.,
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although presumably all calls are m
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cultural rules.” Given the “str
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Speaking of Kim, whom does he consu
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Terms of Reference: North Korean Po
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Joseph S. Bermudez Jr. is an intern
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APPENDIX C ASIAN VIEWS OF NORTH KOR
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In any case, the reforms provide a
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View from Seoul The single most imp
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Form Approved REPORT DOCUMENTATION
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