North Korean Policy Elites - Defense Technical Information Center

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interesting developments include a North Korean cellular telephone network and E Mail provided by the Ministry of Post and Telecommunications for certain businesses. The new high-tech generation will not transform the Kim Jong-il regime, but some of the few selected for this kind of experience may begin to question the tenets of the regime drilled into them since infancy. And these people are all the more susceptible because they are more exposed to information than are other members of the elite. The window may be open just a crack, but it could be made to open wider. The paper proceeds to examine a number of other divisions with uncommon access to information or money: • Diplomats speak languages, analyze world situations, entertain foreign visitors, see information from abroad, and serve at foreign posts. • North Korean diplomats are also an important part of Kim Jong-il’s worldwide mafia, charged with bringing in cash to support their own diplomatic missions as well as the regime. • Closely related is a wider illegal money-making operation known as Bureau 39. • Back home in North Korea, there have been signs of budding market enterprises, including farmers’ markets, restaurants, and city kiosks. To reach people inside North Korea, radio is probably the single most potent medium. At a time when South Korea is reportedly watering down the content of KBS Social Education Broadcasting, broadcast objectives should be reviewed. With accurate news about North Korea as a base, broadcasts should target particular divisions in North Korean society and overcome cognitive dissonance by offering a sense of belonging, and alternative frameworks. Some content should be designed to appeal to small entrepreneurs and exporters, IT professionals, and younger members of the elite, generally. Other media should not be ignored. We should consider Internet site content that might be attractive to North Korean elites. And experts should study the technical aspects of using the E Mail system, the Kwangmyong intranet, and cellular phones. South Korean opponents of Kim Jong-il are very active in the print media, but Americans can become more active. There also are a number of relevant diplomatic initiatives that should be considered. In particular, Roh Moo-hyun should be encouraged to articulate a South Korean vision of an independent, democratic, peaceful, and prosperous Korea. This would help North Koreans grasp an alternative framework for feelings about their government and their country. Turning to the darker side, the only way to affect Kim Jong-il’s dirty diplomats and Bureau 39 thugs is to squeeze them. A concerted effort to constrict the money flow will send a V-S-2
message right to Kim Jong-il, and measures can be relaxed or tightened in accordance with the Dear Leader’s behavior or with U.S. policy. There is no easy formula for effectively reaching into North Korea. Physical barriers, fear of punishment, and cognitive dissonance stand in the way. Still, some, whether driven by desperation or uncommon courage, wonder what lies south of the DMZ. Though still a trickle, increasing numbers of North Koreans risk escape from the hermit kingdom. In this light, continuing to communicate with them, and to refine our effort, is a worthy endeavor. V-S-3
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INSTITUTE FOR DEFENSE ANALYSES Nort
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INSTITUTE FOR DEFENSE ANALYSES IDA
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CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY & INTROD
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To write accurately about North Kor
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technocrats, provincial and county
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PREFACE This paper will examine in
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ABBREVIATIONS AGI CCSKA COMSEC DoD
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information streams, and from him t
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within the hands of a few individua
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and whether or not he will embarras
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to the lowest-levels of the KPA. As
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strengthening of all armed forces,
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esearch institutes and “think tan
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The primary missions of the Reconna
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communication that generally fall o
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of the State Security Department or
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maintaining strict control over the
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agencies in the ROK and Japan began
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The Guard and Security Commands, wh
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eports that are funneled up through
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Complicating the entire “Kim-cent
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Within the military, this dynamic c
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him that all significant orders and
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Until the 1990s, the electronic med
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II. THE NORTH KOREAN LEADERSHIP: SY
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TABLES 1. Key Family Members in the
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The factional struggles in North Ko
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A. INTRODUCTION By definition, a to
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C. THE TECHNOLOGY OF POWER A Party
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document control bureaus in each mi
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Originally implemented in 1994 and
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Table II-1. Key Family Members in t
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of associates who trace their relat
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September 9, 2003, showed a change
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Chart II-2: Secretariat 5. Kye Ung-
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Members 1. Yi Ul-sul 4. Yi Yong-mu
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Table II-6. Kim Chong-il’s Princi
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Table II-7. Kim Chong-il’s Person
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chance to unfold. In terms of syste
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domestic policy arena, the split is
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At the second echelon of power, Kim
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D. FLOW OF INFORMATION George Kenna
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about things that affect their care
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(ID) and External Liaison (ELD) dep
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For the rest of the North Korean le
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the focus for not only a significan
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At the 11 th Supreme People’s Ass
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There is little doubt that one of t
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decision-making process. Moreover,
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III. THE WELL-INFORMED CADRE RALPH
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY DEFINITIONS AND A
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greater access to first-hand inform
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The first question addressed by thi
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But this lack of enthusiasm is prob
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as the 1950s. 16 The security organ
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Another way to look at divisions wi
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Because the Kim regime governs acco
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guess is that anyone who rises in t
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But even though the media serve as
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Newspapers The DPRK’s premier new
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motivation in its readers through m
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Page 2: • Kim Jong-suk’s develo
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This selection of news items presen
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in the wake of the U.S. propaganda
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the general audience in a two-step
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also countries surrounding the Kore
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that the war in Iraq was “a test
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and transform us internally through
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eceived with little thought and has
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outside world than the ordinary wor
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cognitive dissonance, particular ca
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IV. INSIDE NORTH KOREA’S BLACK BO
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The North Korean
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A. BETTER, MERRIER, MORE HOPEFUL LI
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In contrast, the optimists believe
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to the throne. The State Council us
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1976-1977, 4 and in 1986-1987 (see
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Bulgarian Trade Unions, after which
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Second, the principal objective of
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southward expansion, and, last but
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controlling some of North Korea’s
Page 181 and 182: also against the second-tier family
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Page 187 and 188: October 1980. Many of them (Yon Hyo
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Page 192 and 193: The advent of the “Songun Era”
Page 194 and 195: IV-30
Page 196 and 197: Bearing in mind Kim Jong Il’s rec
Page 198 and 199: Table IV-2. Composition of the Nort
Page 200 and 201: Cabinet Posts 10 th SPA 11 th SPA R
Page 202 and 203: Eastern Europe. That was reportedly
Page 204 and 205: Table IV-5. Leading Ideologues Insi
Page 206 and 207: Table IV-7. Regional Origins of Top
Page 208 and 209: “Foreign Wind” The “foreign w
Page 210 and 211: Table IV-10. Some of the Most Influ
Page 212 and 213: Table IV-11. The North-South “Han
Page 214 and 215: Song Sok Hwan Vice-Minister Cha Sun
Page 216 and 217: Table IV-13. Korean-American “Int
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Page 220 and 221: Northern security, military, and pa
Page 223: APPENDIX B TONGIL STREET FREE MARKE
Page 227: V. REACHING INTO NORTH KOREA DAVID
Page 231: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY North Korea is no
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Page 238 and 239: Society is divided into three broad
Page 240 and 241: contradictions.” 17 This makes se
Page 242 and 243: Internet is not specifically mentio
Page 244 and 245: led to a training program for young
Page 246 and 247: North Korea’s exports from legiti
Page 248 and 249: een the biggest buyers of ivory ove
Page 250 and 251: worker who travels throughout North
Page 252 and 253: If we want to reach into North Kore
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Page 256 and 257: Although the future of cellular tel
Page 258 and 259: There are a host of other things on
Page 261 and 262: Each of the five papers in this col
Page 263 and 264: promotions) and punishments (e.g.,
Page 265 and 266: although presumably all calls are m
Page 267 and 268: cultural rules.” Given the “str
Page 269: Speaking of Kim, whom does he consu
Page 273: Terms of Reference: North Korean Po
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Page 279: APPENDIX C ASIAN VIEWS OF NORTH KOR
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In any case, the reforms provide a
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View from Seoul The single most imp
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