North Korean Policy Elites - Defense Technical Information Center

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Name Position Education Remarks Kim Yong-sun Kim Ki-nam Kim Kuk-tae O Kuk-yol Kim Tu-nam Yon Hyongmuk Gen. Kim Chol-man Chon Pyongho VM Cho Myong-nok VM Kim Il-chol VM Paek Haknim Former KWP Secretary for ROK/Japan Affairs (deceased) KWP Secretary (?), Director Korea History Institute KWP Secretary for Cadre Affairs Director, KWP Operations Department CC Director in Kim Chongil’s personal secretariat Member NDC Former Member NDC Member of NDC First Vice Chairman NDC, Director GPB Minister of People’s Armed Forces Former Minister of Public Security Moscow State University Moscow International University Moscow University Frunze Military Academy (USSR) Frunze Military Academy (USSR) Prague Institute of Technology Frunze Military Academy (USSR) Moscow University Frunze Military Academy (USSR) Soviet Naval Academy Oversees clandestine operations service with focus on Japan/ROK. Rumored to speak Russian. Traveled in Europe, Middle East, and China. Led official delegation to U.S. in 2000. Traveled in Asia, Russia, and to Cuba. Traveled with delegations to China, Africa, and South America. Mar. Yi Ul-sol Commander, Guard Command Frunze Military Academy (USSR) Pak Kil-yon Ambassador to UN Diplomatic postings in Asia and Latin America. Served in Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Speaks English. Kim Hun-yok Secretary General SPA, Vice Minister of Railways Leningrad Technology Institute Chang Chol Vice Chairman SPA Meiji University (Japan) Kim Wan-su President, Central Bank Plays crucial role in international trade. Maintains relationships within the South Korean business and government communities. Yun Ki-bok Chairman, Committee for Probing Truth Behind GIs’ Mass Killings Moscow University VM Pak Ki-so Yi Chong-ok Commander, Pyongyang Defense Command Curator, Party Founding Museum, Functionary in Ministry of Post and Telecommunications Harbin Technology Institute (China) Some travel abroad to North Korea allies. II-38
At the 11 th Supreme People’s Assembly elections held in August 2003, nine Foreign Ministry officials were elected as SPA deputies: Foreign Minister Paek Nam-sun; First Vice Minister Kang Sok-chu; Vice Ministers Kim Kye-kwan, Ch’oe Su-hon, and Kim Kye-kwan; vice minister-level Ambassadors Ch’oe Chin-su (China), Pak Ui-ch’un (Russia), and Pak Kil-yon (United Nations); and Ch’oe Su-il, director of the General Diplomatic Corps Programs Department. Several officials involved in South Korean affairs also were elected. They include Chon Kum-chin and Kim Yong-song, both Cabinet councilors who served as the North’s chief delegate to North-South ministerial talks; Song Ho-kyong, Chon Kyong-nam, and Ch’oe Sungch’ol, all vice chairmen of the Asia-Pacific Peace Committee [APPC] in charge of Mt. Kumgang tourism, the Kaesong Industrial Zone, and private exchanges; and Pak Ch’ang-yon, first vice chairman of the State Planning Commission, who was the North’s chief delegate to the North- South Economic Cooperation Promotion Committee. APPC Vice Chairman Yi Chong-hyok was re-elected, as well. The election of so many officials with foreign policy experience suggests a decision by the regime to retain the existing expertise critical for continuity in foreign affairs, especially with regard to North-South relations. 75 North Korean leaders, even within the top leadership, are restricted, and in most cases prohibited, from traveling abroad. 76 Therefore, one channel of outside information available to some members of the North Korean elite is through relationships established with members of North Korea’s diplomatic corps. As was mentioned earlier, this is not easy, because of the surveillance of the diplomatic community, but it does occur. One such example is the friendship between Pak Kil-yon, ambassador to the United Nations, and Kim Chong-il’s mistress, Ko Yong-hui. For the Pyongyang-based leadership, this is a unique source of data, and for the diplomatic community, it is a way to currying favor with people close to Kim Chong-il. In some cases, members of the leadership use their contacts with the diplomatic community to establish foreign business ventures. Bureaucracies are under pressure to secure foreign currency. This has led to a proliferation of schemes, some legal, many not. Often, these ventures become tied to the bureaucratic fiefdoms within the regime as a means of amassing personal wealth and influence for individual leaders. These businesses can also provide channels of information on the outside world. 75 Chong Ch’ang-hyon and Chong Yong-su, “Many Core Military Cadres Dropped in SPA Elections,” Seoul Chungang Ilbo (August 14, 2003). 76 All travel abroad must be authorized the CC Dispatch Deliberation Committee. For senior officials, Kim Chong-il must give his personal authorization. This has sometimes led to complaints within the leadership. For example, Hwang Chang-yop, when he was KWP Secretary for International Affairs, argued for the need for more delegations to be sent abroad to absorb foreign economic and scientific expertise. Hwang Chang-yop’s memoirs, op cit. II-39
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INSTITUTE FOR DEFENSE ANALYSES Nort
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INSTITUTE FOR DEFENSE ANALYSES IDA
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CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY & INTROD
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To write accurately about North Kor
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technocrats, provincial and county
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PREFACE This paper will examine in
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ABBREVIATIONS AGI CCSKA COMSEC DoD
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information streams, and from him t
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within the hands of a few individua
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and whether or not he will embarras
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to the lowest-levels of the KPA. As
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strengthening of all armed forces,
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esearch institutes and “think tan
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The primary missions of the Reconna
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communication that generally fall o
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of the State Security Department or
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maintaining strict control over the
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agencies in the ROK and Japan began
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The Guard and Security Commands, wh
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eports that are funneled up through
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Complicating the entire “Kim-cent
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Within the military, this dynamic c
Page 54 and 55: him that all significant orders and
Page 56 and 57: Until the 1990s, the electronic med
Page 59: II. THE NORTH KOREAN LEADERSHIP: SY
Page 62 and 63: TABLES 1. Key Family Members in the
Page 64 and 65: The factional struggles in North Ko
Page 67 and 68: A. INTRODUCTION By definition, a to
Page 69 and 70: C. THE TECHNOLOGY OF POWER A Party
Page 71 and 72: document control bureaus in each mi
Page 73 and 74: Originally implemented in 1994 and
Page 75 and 76: Table II-1. Key Family Members in t
Page 77 and 78: of associates who trace their relat
Page 79 and 80: September 9, 2003, showed a change
Page 81 and 82: Chart II-2: Secretariat 5. Kye Ung-
Page 83 and 84: Members 1. Yi Ul-sul 4. Yi Yong-mu
Page 85 and 86: Table II-6. Kim Chong-il’s Princi
Page 87 and 88: Table II-7. Kim Chong-il’s Person
Page 89 and 90: chance to unfold. In terms of syste
Page 91 and 92: domestic policy arena, the split is
Page 93 and 94: At the second echelon of power, Kim
Page 95 and 96: D. FLOW OF INFORMATION George Kenna
Page 97 and 98: about things that affect their care
Page 99 and 100: (ID) and External Liaison (ELD) dep
Page 101 and 102: For the rest of the North Korean le
Page 103: the focus for not only a significan
Page 107 and 108: There is little doubt that one of t
Page 109 and 110: decision-making process. Moreover,
Page 111: III. THE WELL-INFORMED CADRE RALPH
Page 115 and 116: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY DEFINITIONS AND A
Page 117: greater access to first-hand inform
Page 120 and 121: The first question addressed by thi
Page 122 and 123: But this lack of enthusiasm is prob
Page 124 and 125: as the 1950s. 16 The security organ
Page 126 and 127: Another way to look at divisions wi
Page 128 and 129: Because the Kim regime governs acco
Page 130 and 131: guess is that anyone who rises in t
Page 132 and 133: But even though the media serve as
Page 134 and 135: Newspapers The DPRK’s premier new
Page 136 and 137: motivation in its readers through m
Page 138 and 139: Page 2: • Kim Jong-suk’s develo
Page 140 and 141: This selection of news items presen
Page 142 and 143: in the wake of the U.S. propaganda
Page 144 and 145: the general audience in a two-step
Page 146 and 147: also countries surrounding the Kore
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Page 150 and 151: and transform us internally through
Page 152 and 153: eceived with little thought and has
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outside world than the ordinary wor
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cognitive dissonance, particular ca
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IV. INSIDE NORTH KOREA’S BLACK BO
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The North Korean
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A. BETTER, MERRIER, MORE HOPEFUL LI
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In contrast, the optimists believe
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to the throne. The State Council us
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1976-1977, 4 and in 1986-1987 (see
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Bulgarian Trade Unions, after which
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Second, the principal objective of
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southward expansion, and, last but
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controlling some of North Korea’s
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also against the second-tier family
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Kim Sung-ae, who is Kim Il Sung’s
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“National Security Establishment
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October 1980. Many of them (Yon Hyo
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severe draught in 1988 and the dram
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The advent of the “Songun Era”
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IV-30
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Bearing in mind Kim Jong Il’s rec
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Table IV-2. Composition of the Nort
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Cabinet Posts 10 th SPA 11 th SPA R
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Eastern Europe. That was reportedly
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Table IV-5. Leading Ideologues Insi
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Table IV-7. Regional Origins of Top
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“Foreign Wind” The “foreign w
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Table IV-10. Some of the Most Influ
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Table IV-11. The North-South “Han
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Song Sok Hwan Vice-Minister Cha Sun
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Table IV-13. Korean-American “Int
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content and government monitoring.
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Northern security, military, and pa
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APPENDIX B TONGIL STREET FREE MARKE
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V. REACHING INTO NORTH KOREA DAVID
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY North Korea is no
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message right to Kim Jong-il, and m
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isk escape from the hermit kingdom.
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Society is divided into three broad
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contradictions.” 17 This makes se
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Internet is not specifically mentio
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led to a training program for young
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North Korea’s exports from legiti
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een the biggest buyers of ivory ove
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worker who travels throughout North
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If we want to reach into North Kore
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conversations with the correct mix
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Although the future of cellular tel
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There are a host of other things on
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Each of the five papers in this col
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promotions) and punishments (e.g.,
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although presumably all calls are m
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cultural rules.” Given the “str
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Speaking of Kim, whom does he consu
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Terms of Reference: North Korean Po
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Joseph S. Bermudez Jr. is an intern
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APPENDIX C ASIAN VIEWS OF NORTH KOR
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In any case, the reforms provide a
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View from Seoul The single most imp
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