North Korean Policy Elites - Defense Technical Information Center

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Table IV-5. Leading Ideologues Inside the DPRK’s Power Elite Name Position Organization Views Ch’oe Thae Bok Secretary for Ideology WPK Central Moderate-progressive Committee Jong Ha Chol Secretary for Propaganda WPK Central Moderate-Conservative and Agitation Committee Thae Hyong Chol President Full professor, Doctor of Philosophy, alternate academician Academy of Social Sciences Conservative Seong Ja-rip O Kil Bang Paek Chol President First Vice-President (Ideology) Vice-President (Science & Technology) Kim Il Sung University Moderate-conservative Moderate Progressive Jang In Su Secretary for Ideology WPK Party Committee Conservative of Pyongyang City Ryang KyongBok Director and Editor-in- WPK Publishing Conservative Chief House Cha Kyong Il President Kim Il Sung Political Conservative Doctor of Philosophy University Choe Chil Nam Editor-in-Chief Rodong Sinmun Moderate-progressive Director and Editor-in- Chief KPA Publishing House (classified materials) Moderate-conservative Han Song Bok Ro Chang Dok Kim Pyong-ho Deputy Directors General Korean Central News Agency Moderate-progressive Table IV-6. List of the Most Influential Provincial Administrative and Party Bosses Name Province Position Yon Hyong-muk Jagang Head of Provincial Party Committee Kye Ung-Tae South Pyongan Head of Provincial Party Committee Hong Song Nam South Hamgyong Head of Provincial Party Committee Ryang Man Gil Pyongyang Head, City People’s Committee, General Pak Su Gil North Hamgyong Head of Provincial People’s Committee Yun Sun Byong North Hamgyong Head of Provincial Party Committee Kim P’yong-hae North Pyongan Head of Provincial Party Committee Pak Kyong Sam North Pyongan Head of Provincial People’s Committee Kim Il Gun Kaesong Head, City People’s Committee, General Ri Ho-yon Nampo Head, City People’s Committee Kye Seung-hae Sinuiju Governor, Special Administrative Region, General Kim Un Gi South Hwanghae Head of Provincial Party Committee Ko Jong-deok Kangwon Head of Provincial People’s Committee IV-40
These leaders are very sensitive to regional differences and local problems, which gives rise to provincial regionalism (chibangjuui), fueling the revival of traditional region-based factionalism at the center. It is noteworthy that Kim Jong Il tries to maintain an even balance at the center between the party and military leaders who come from the Hamgyong and Pyongan provinces, i.e., the North Korea’s own northerners and southerners. For instance, out of the 54 most influential leaders in North Korea (some of whom are already deceased, to be sure), 24 were born in the Hamgyong provinces, 23 were born in the Pyongan provinces, including the capital area of Pyongyang, and 7 were born overseas (4 in Manchuria, 2 in South Korea, and one in Russia) (see Table 7 for details). Table IV-7. Regional Origins of Top 54 North Korean Leaders (in alphabetical order) Hamgyong: North Hamgyong – NH South Hamgyong – SH Ryanggang – RY Jagang - JA Chae Hi-Jong (SH) P’yongan: North P’yongan – NP South P’yongan – SP Pyongyang – PY Kangwon - KA Ch’oe Yong-Kon (NP) (deceased) Manchuria ChoMyongRok Ch’oe Thae-bok (NH) Hong Sung-Nam (KA) Chon Mun Sop (deceased) Chang Ch’ol (NH) Hwang Jang-Yop (PY) Oh Guk-ryul (deceased) (defected to ROK) Ch’oe Gwang (NH) Kang Hyun-Su (SP) Paek Hak-rim (deceased) Ch’oe Yong-rim (RY) Kang Seok-Ju (PY) Chon Byong-ho (NH) Kim Bok-Shin (SP) Han Song-Ryong (NH) Kim Byong-Ryul (NP) Hyon Jun-Guk (SH) Kim Ch’ol-Man (SP) Kang Sung-San (NH) Kim Du-Nam (NP) Kim Ch’aek (SH) Kim Gi-Nam (KA) (deceased) Kim Guk-Tae (NH) Kim Gwang-Jin (SP) Kim Yong-Nam (NH) Kim Kyong-Hui (PY) Kwon He-Gyong (JA) Kim Hwan (NP) Kye Ung-Tae (HN) Kim Il-Ch’ol (PY) Li Jong-Ok (SH) Kim Il Sung (PY) (deceased) (deceased) Li Ul-Sol (SH) Kim Jung-Rin (PY) Paek Nam-Sun (HN) Kim Yong Ch’un (PY) Pak Jae-Gyong (NH) Kim Yong-Ju (SP) South Korea Pak Nam-gi Hong Sokhyung Russia Kim Jong Il IV-41
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INSTITUTE FOR DEFENSE ANALYSES Nort
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INSTITUTE FOR DEFENSE ANALYSES IDA
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CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY & INTROD
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To write accurately about North Kor
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technocrats, provincial and county
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PREFACE This paper will examine in
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ABBREVIATIONS AGI CCSKA COMSEC DoD
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information streams, and from him t
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within the hands of a few individua
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and whether or not he will embarras
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to the lowest-levels of the KPA. As
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strengthening of all armed forces,
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esearch institutes and “think tan
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The primary missions of the Reconna
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communication that generally fall o
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of the State Security Department or
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maintaining strict control over the
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agencies in the ROK and Japan began
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The Guard and Security Commands, wh
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eports that are funneled up through
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Complicating the entire “Kim-cent
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Within the military, this dynamic c
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him that all significant orders and
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Until the 1990s, the electronic med
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II. THE NORTH KOREAN LEADERSHIP: SY
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TABLES 1. Key Family Members in the
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The factional struggles in North Ko
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A. INTRODUCTION By definition, a to
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C. THE TECHNOLOGY OF POWER A Party
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document control bureaus in each mi
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Originally implemented in 1994 and
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Table II-1. Key Family Members in t
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of associates who trace their relat
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September 9, 2003, showed a change
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Chart II-2: Secretariat 5. Kye Ung-
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Members 1. Yi Ul-sul 4. Yi Yong-mu
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Table II-6. Kim Chong-il’s Princi
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Table II-7. Kim Chong-il’s Person
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chance to unfold. In terms of syste
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domestic policy arena, the split is
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At the second echelon of power, Kim
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D. FLOW OF INFORMATION George Kenna
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about things that affect their care
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(ID) and External Liaison (ELD) dep
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For the rest of the North Korean le
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the focus for not only a significan
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At the 11 th Supreme People’s Ass
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There is little doubt that one of t
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decision-making process. Moreover,
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III. THE WELL-INFORMED CADRE RALPH
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY DEFINITIONS AND A
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greater access to first-hand inform
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The first question addressed by thi
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But this lack of enthusiasm is prob
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as the 1950s. 16 The security organ
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Another way to look at divisions wi
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Because the Kim regime governs acco
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guess is that anyone who rises in t
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But even though the media serve as
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Newspapers The DPRK’s premier new
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motivation in its readers through m
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Page 2: • Kim Jong-suk’s develo
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This selection of news items presen
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in the wake of the U.S. propaganda
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the general audience in a two-step
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also countries surrounding the Kore
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that the war in Iraq was “a test
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and transform us internally through
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eceived with little thought and has
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Page 159: IV. INSIDE NORTH KOREA’S BLACK BO
Page 163 and 164: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The North Korean
Page 165 and 166: A. BETTER, MERRIER, MORE HOPEFUL LI
Page 167 and 168: In contrast, the optimists believe
Page 169 and 170: to the throne. The State Council us
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Page 175 and 176: Second, the principal objective of
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Page 181 and 182: also against the second-tier family
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Page 187 and 188: October 1980. Many of them (Yon Hyo
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Page 192 and 193: The advent of the “Songun Era”
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Page 196 and 197: Bearing in mind Kim Jong Il’s rec
Page 198 and 199: Table IV-2. Composition of the Nort
Page 200 and 201: Cabinet Posts 10 th SPA 11 th SPA R
Page 202 and 203: Eastern Europe. That was reportedly
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Page 208 and 209: “Foreign Wind” The “foreign w
Page 210 and 211: Table IV-10. Some of the Most Influ
Page 212 and 213: Table IV-11. The North-South “Han
Page 214 and 215: Song Sok Hwan Vice-Minister Cha Sun
Page 216 and 217: Table IV-13. Korean-American “Int
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Page 220 and 221: Northern security, military, and pa
Page 223: APPENDIX B TONGIL STREET FREE MARKE
Page 227: V. REACHING INTO NORTH KOREA DAVID
Page 231 and 232: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY North Korea is no
Page 233: message right to Kim Jong-il, and m
Page 236 and 237: isk escape from the hermit kingdom.
Page 238 and 239: Society is divided into three broad
Page 240 and 241: contradictions.” 17 This makes se
Page 242 and 243: Internet is not specifically mentio
Page 244 and 245: led to a training program for young
Page 246 and 247: North Korea’s exports from legiti
Page 248 and 249: een the biggest buyers of ivory ove
Page 250 and 251: worker who travels throughout North
Page 252 and 253: If we want to reach into North Kore
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conversations with the correct mix
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Although the future of cellular tel
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There are a host of other things on
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Each of the five papers in this col
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promotions) and punishments (e.g.,
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although presumably all calls are m
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cultural rules.” Given the “str
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Speaking of Kim, whom does he consu
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Terms of Reference: North Korean Po
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Joseph S. Bermudez Jr. is an intern
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APPENDIX C ASIAN VIEWS OF NORTH KOR
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In any case, the reforms provide a
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View from Seoul The single most imp
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