North Korean Policy Elites - Defense Technical Information Center

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to the lowest-levels of the KPA. As a unified armed force, the Chief of the General Staff not only directly commands the ground forces but also the naval and air forces. These two secondary paths are critical conduits through which information flows up to the military elite and National Defense Commission. Command and control of the DPRK’s various intelligence and internal security forces also proceed down through the National Defense Commission, the KWP, and the Cabinet. Kim Chong-il KWP Central Committee National Defense Commission Cabinet Central Mililtary Committee General Political Bureau Ministry of People's Armed Forces State Security Department Ministry of Public Security Cadre Bureau Military Prosecution Bureau Military Justice Bureau Representative Mission at Panmunjom General Rear Services Bureau General Staff Department Security Command Guard Command Command Political Control Coordination Operational Units, Commands and Bureaus Figure I-2. Command and Control (Simplified) I-6
National Defense Commission 6 As of September 1998, “…the National Defense Commission Chairman controls all of the political, military, and economic capabilities of the Republic.” It comprises ten individuals: Marshal Kim Chong-il (Chairman), Vice Marshal Cho Myong-rok (First Vice Chairman), Vice Marshal Kim Il-ch’ol (Vice Chairman), Vice Marshal Li Yong-mu (Vice Chairman), Vice Marshal Kim Yong-ch’un, Yon Hyong-muk, Marshal Li Ul-sol, Vice Marshal Paek Hak-rim, Chon Pyong-ho, and General Kim Ch’ol-man. The National Defense Commission represents the pinnacle of the power-holding elite, its military members are the elite of the military elite. The exact organization of the National Defense Commission and the individual responsibilities of its members are unclear. Directly subordinate to the National Defense Commission are the MPAF, the State Security Department, and the General Political Bureau. Korean Workers’ Party 7 The KWP pervades every aspect of life within the DPRK, including the KPA. Its two principal components are the Central Committee and the Central Military Committee. The Central Committee is composed of the Political Bureau, the Secretariat, the Central Control Committee, and the Central Auditing Committee. The Secretariat is the executive body of the KWP. It includes General Secretary Kim Chong-il, eight secretaries, and 22 departments. These secretaries and departments are responsible for organizing and implementing the policies and decisions of the KWP. The Central Military Committee and the Organization and Guidance Department are the most powerful entities within the KWP. The KWP’s Central Military Committee was established in December 1962 and is the highest level KWP organization directly involved with military policy. The KWP Charter states that the “Central Military Committee of the Party debates and decides on methods of implementing Party’s military policies, organizes and guides all the projects related to the 6 7 Author interview data; “Military Rule in Full Swing,” pp. 2-8; A Handbook on North Korea: 1st Revision, pp. 64-88; “An Analysis of the Constitutional Amendment and the Reorganization of Power Structure in North Korea,” pp. 30-39; Vantage Point, “Is People’s Army Becoming More Powerful than Workers’ Party?” June 1998, Vol. XXI, No. 6, pp. 32-39; and “Journal Views DPRK’s Military Organization,” pp. 30-31. “Defector Hwang Chang-yop [Hwang Jang Yop] Interviewed,” Sindong-a, July 1998, pp. 328-345, as cited in FBIS-EAS-98-191; “Role of Political Organs in Military Examined,” Naewoe Tongsin, 15 January 1998, pp. B1- B6, as cited in FBIS-EAS-98-079; “DPRK’s Kim Chong-il’s Position on Retaliation,” pp. 8-11; “Defector to ROK on Kim Chong-il’s Control of DPRK Military,” pp. 161-167; “Defector Says KPA Under ‘Complete Control’ of Kim Chong-il,” Seoul Sinmun, 26 February 1996, p. 20, as cited in FBIS-EAS-96-039; and “Channels and Means of Control of the Workers’ Party to Control the People’s Army,” Vantage Point, March 1995, Vol. XVIII, No. 3, pp. 32-41; and “Newspaper Profiles Kim Chong-il’s Supporters,” pp. 421-439. I-7
Page 1 and 2: INSTITUTE FOR DEFENSE ANALYSES Nort
Page 3: INSTITUTE FOR DEFENSE ANALYSES IDA
Page 7: CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY & INTROD
Page 11 and 12: To write accurately about North Kor
Page 13: technocrats, provincial and county
Page 17: PREFACE This paper will examine in
Page 21: ABBREVIATIONS AGI CCSKA COMSEC DoD
Page 24 and 25: information streams, and from him t
Page 26 and 27: within the hands of a few individua
Page 28 and 29: and whether or not he will embarras
Page 32 and 33: strengthening of all armed forces,
Page 34 and 35: esearch institutes and “think tan
Page 36 and 37: The primary missions of the Reconna
Page 38 and 39: communication that generally fall o
Page 40 and 41: of the State Security Department or
Page 42 and 43: maintaining strict control over the
Page 44 and 45: agencies in the ROK and Japan began
Page 46 and 47: The Guard and Security Commands, wh
Page 48 and 49: eports that are funneled up through
Page 50 and 51: Complicating the entire “Kim-cent
Page 52 and 53: Within the military, this dynamic c
Page 54 and 55: him that all significant orders and
Page 56 and 57: Until the 1990s, the electronic med
Page 59: II. THE NORTH KOREAN LEADERSHIP: SY
Page 62 and 63: TABLES 1. Key Family Members in the
Page 64 and 65: The factional struggles in North Ko
Page 67 and 68: A. INTRODUCTION By definition, a to
Page 69 and 70: C. THE TECHNOLOGY OF POWER A Party
Page 71 and 72: document control bureaus in each mi
Page 73 and 74: Originally implemented in 1994 and
Page 75 and 76: Table II-1. Key Family Members in t
Page 77 and 78: of associates who trace their relat
Page 79 and 80: September 9, 2003, showed a change
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Chart II-2: Secretariat 5. Kye Ung-
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Members 1. Yi Ul-sul 4. Yi Yong-mu
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Table II-6. Kim Chong-il’s Princi
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Table II-7. Kim Chong-il’s Person
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chance to unfold. In terms of syste
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domestic policy arena, the split is
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At the second echelon of power, Kim
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D. FLOW OF INFORMATION George Kenna
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about things that affect their care
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(ID) and External Liaison (ELD) dep
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For the rest of the North Korean le
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the focus for not only a significan
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At the 11 th Supreme People’s Ass
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There is little doubt that one of t
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decision-making process. Moreover,
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III. THE WELL-INFORMED CADRE RALPH
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY DEFINITIONS AND A
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greater access to first-hand inform
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The first question addressed by thi
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But this lack of enthusiasm is prob
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as the 1950s. 16 The security organ
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Another way to look at divisions wi
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Because the Kim regime governs acco
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guess is that anyone who rises in t
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But even though the media serve as
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Newspapers The DPRK’s premier new
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motivation in its readers through m
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Page 2: • Kim Jong-suk’s develo
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This selection of news items presen
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in the wake of the U.S. propaganda
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the general audience in a two-step
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also countries surrounding the Kore
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that the war in Iraq was “a test
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and transform us internally through
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eceived with little thought and has
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outside world than the ordinary wor
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cognitive dissonance, particular ca
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IV. INSIDE NORTH KOREA’S BLACK BO
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The North Korean
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A. BETTER, MERRIER, MORE HOPEFUL LI
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In contrast, the optimists believe
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to the throne. The State Council us
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1976-1977, 4 and in 1986-1987 (see
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Bulgarian Trade Unions, after which
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Second, the principal objective of
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southward expansion, and, last but
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controlling some of North Korea’s
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also against the second-tier family
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Kim Sung-ae, who is Kim Il Sung’s
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“National Security Establishment
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October 1980. Many of them (Yon Hyo
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severe draught in 1988 and the dram
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The advent of the “Songun Era”
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IV-30
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Bearing in mind Kim Jong Il’s rec
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Table IV-2. Composition of the Nort
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Cabinet Posts 10 th SPA 11 th SPA R
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Eastern Europe. That was reportedly
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Table IV-5. Leading Ideologues Insi
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Table IV-7. Regional Origins of Top
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“Foreign Wind” The “foreign w
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Table IV-10. Some of the Most Influ
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Table IV-11. The North-South “Han
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Song Sok Hwan Vice-Minister Cha Sun
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Table IV-13. Korean-American “Int
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content and government monitoring.
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Northern security, military, and pa
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APPENDIX B TONGIL STREET FREE MARKE
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V. REACHING INTO NORTH KOREA DAVID
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY North Korea is no
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message right to Kim Jong-il, and m
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isk escape from the hermit kingdom.
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Society is divided into three broad
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contradictions.” 17 This makes se
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Internet is not specifically mentio
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led to a training program for young
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North Korea’s exports from legiti
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een the biggest buyers of ivory ove
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worker who travels throughout North
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If we want to reach into North Kore
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conversations with the correct mix
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Although the future of cellular tel
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There are a host of other things on
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Each of the five papers in this col
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promotions) and punishments (e.g.,
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although presumably all calls are m
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cultural rules.” Given the “str
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Speaking of Kim, whom does he consu
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Terms of Reference: North Korean Po
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Joseph S. Bermudez Jr. is an intern
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APPENDIX C ASIAN VIEWS OF NORTH KOR
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In any case, the reforms provide a
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View from Seoul The single most imp
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Form Approved REPORT DOCUMENTATION
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