North Korean Policy Elites - Defense Technical Information Center

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Cabinet Posts 10 th SPA 11 th SPA Railway Kim Yong-sam Kim Yong-sam Land-Sea Transportation Kim Yong-il Kim Yong-il Agriculture Yi Ha-sop Yi Kyong-sik Chemical Industries Pak Pong-ju Yi Mu-yong Light Industries Yi Yon-su Yi Chu-o Foreign Affairs Paek Nam-sun 45 Kang Seok-Ju, 1VM Paek Nam-sun Kang Seok-Ju, 46 1VM Trade 47 Yi Kwang-gun Yi Kwang-gun Forestry Yi Sang-mu Yi Sang-mu Fisheries Yi Song-ung Yi Song-ung City Management Chang Il-son Ch’oe Chong-gon Environmental Protection Ch’oe Chong-gon Chang Il-son State Construction Pae Tal-chun Pae Tal-chun Supervision Commerce 48 Yi Yong-son Yi Yong-son 49 Grain Purchasing Paek Ch’ang-yong Ch’oe Nam-gyun Posts and Telecom Yi Kum-bom Yi Kum-bom Finance Mun Il-bong Mun Il-bong State Accounting Kim Ui-sun Kim Ui-sun Central Bank Kim Wan-su Kim Wan-su Central Statistics Bureau Kim Ch’ang-su Kim Ch’ang-su Labour Ri Won Il Ri Won Il 50 Committee for the Promotion Kim Jong-U Kim Jong Gi (Chairman) of International Trade under the Cabinet of Ministers Flood Damage Rehabilitation Committee Ri Yong Sok (Vice-Chairman) 45 Prior to that appointment, Paek Nam-sun had served as one of the Vice Foreign Ministers in charge of inter- Korean exchanges. He used the alias of Paek Nam-Joon when he served as the DPRK representative at the North- South high-level talks in 1991-1992 and acted as the Chief of the Secretariat at the Committee for Peaceful Reunification of the Fatherland. He has also served as the Chairman of the SPA Unification Committee since 1992. In the past couple of years Paek Nam-sun has been seriously ill, and rarely attended to his ministerial duties. 46 First Vice-Foreign Minister Kang Seok-ju, who is one of Kim Jong Il’s close confidants on foreign affairs, is said to run the daily operations of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs these days. He is in line to be appointed the next Foreign Minister of the DPRK, probably as early as by the end of 2004. 47 Ku Bon-tae, a vice minister of trade, led an economic delegation to Vietnam on November 15, 2003, to study the experience of Vietnam in market reforms and to promote bilateral trade, investment, and mutual learning. 48 On August 16, 2003, the Institute of Commerce under the Ministry of Commerce published a new “Business Dictionary,” a product of one year’s work, which introduced hundreds of new macro-economic and microeconomic terms widely used in market economies around the world. 49 As part of the July 1, 2002, Measures for Economic Management and Improvement, the Ministry of Commerce began to develop a “market-based pricing system” for rewarding “individual scientific and technological achievements in an attempt to better motivate scientists and technicians.” Subsequently, the Cabinet of Ministers adopted a new system under which new scientific and technological achievements, such as intangible intellectual properties like inventions and computer software, can be distributed on market-based principles and be compensated for as “intellectual goods.” See Chosun Sinbo, Pyongyang, January 21, 2004. 50 Ri Won Il serves concurrently as Chairman of the DPRK-Iran Friendship Association. IV-36
It is noteworthy that in the past three decades, four out of five North Korean premiers have come from the eastern littoral provinces (Kang Sung San and Yoon Hyong Muk from North Hamgyong; deceased Ri Jong-ok from South Hamgyong; Hong Song Nam from Kangwon); only deceased Ri Gun Mo came from South Pyongan. All attended Kim Il Sung University and studied abroad. Three former prime-ministers – Kang Sung San, Hong Sung Nam, and Yon Hyong Muk – studied at the Prague University in the 1950s. During their tenures at the helm of North Korean economic decision-making, they (arguably) advanced the ideas of the so-called “Prague school” in the North Korean economic policymaking. The current Prime Minister Pak Pong-Ju 51 also visited Czechoslovakia in May 1987, when the then prime-minister Yon Hyun Muk asked him to lead a party exchange group on a visit to Prague, Warsaw, and Budapest, in order to study new economic ideas spreading across 51 Pak Pong-Ju was selected as an alternate member of the WPK Central Committee (rank #79) at the Sixth WPK Congress in October 1980. But, at the time of Kim Il Sung’s funeral in 1994, he ranked only 188th. At the First Session of the 10th SPA in September 1998, he was appointed Minister of Chemical Industries. Prior to that, he was in charge of the WPK CC Department that oversaw chemical industries. He is an expert in chemical industries and believed to have received his education in North Korea. IV-37
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INSTITUTE FOR DEFENSE ANALYSES Nort
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INSTITUTE FOR DEFENSE ANALYSES IDA
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CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY & INTROD
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To write accurately about North Kor
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technocrats, provincial and county
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PREFACE This paper will examine in
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ABBREVIATIONS AGI CCSKA COMSEC DoD
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information streams, and from him t
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within the hands of a few individua
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and whether or not he will embarras
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to the lowest-levels of the KPA. As
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strengthening of all armed forces,
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esearch institutes and “think tan
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The primary missions of the Reconna
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communication that generally fall o
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of the State Security Department or
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maintaining strict control over the
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agencies in the ROK and Japan began
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The Guard and Security Commands, wh
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eports that are funneled up through
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Complicating the entire “Kim-cent
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Within the military, this dynamic c
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him that all significant orders and
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Until the 1990s, the electronic med
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II. THE NORTH KOREAN LEADERSHIP: SY
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TABLES 1. Key Family Members in the
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The factional struggles in North Ko
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A. INTRODUCTION By definition, a to
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C. THE TECHNOLOGY OF POWER A Party
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document control bureaus in each mi
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Originally implemented in 1994 and
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Table II-1. Key Family Members in t
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of associates who trace their relat
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September 9, 2003, showed a change
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Chart II-2: Secretariat 5. Kye Ung-
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Members 1. Yi Ul-sul 4. Yi Yong-mu
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Table II-6. Kim Chong-il’s Princi
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Table II-7. Kim Chong-il’s Person
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chance to unfold. In terms of syste
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domestic policy arena, the split is
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At the second echelon of power, Kim
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D. FLOW OF INFORMATION George Kenna
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about things that affect their care
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(ID) and External Liaison (ELD) dep
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For the rest of the North Korean le
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the focus for not only a significan
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At the 11 th Supreme People’s Ass
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There is little doubt that one of t
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decision-making process. Moreover,
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III. THE WELL-INFORMED CADRE RALPH
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY DEFINITIONS AND A
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greater access to first-hand inform
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The first question addressed by thi
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But this lack of enthusiasm is prob
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as the 1950s. 16 The security organ
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Another way to look at divisions wi
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Because the Kim regime governs acco
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guess is that anyone who rises in t
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But even though the media serve as
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Newspapers The DPRK’s premier new
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motivation in its readers through m
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Page 2: • Kim Jong-suk’s develo
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This selection of news items presen
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in the wake of the U.S. propaganda
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the general audience in a two-step
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also countries surrounding the Kore
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that the war in Iraq was “a test
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Page 152 and 153: eceived with little thought and has
Page 154 and 155: outside world than the ordinary wor
Page 156 and 157: cognitive dissonance, particular ca
Page 159: IV. INSIDE NORTH KOREA’S BLACK BO
Page 163 and 164: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The North Korean
Page 165 and 166: A. BETTER, MERRIER, MORE HOPEFUL LI
Page 167 and 168: In contrast, the optimists believe
Page 169 and 170: to the throne. The State Council us
Page 171 and 172: 1976-1977, 4 and in 1986-1987 (see
Page 173 and 174: Bulgarian Trade Unions, after which
Page 175 and 176: Second, the principal objective of
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Page 179 and 180: controlling some of North Korea’s
Page 181 and 182: also against the second-tier family
Page 183 and 184: Kim Sung-ae, who is Kim Il Sung’s
Page 185 and 186: “National Security Establishment
Page 187 and 188: October 1980. Many of them (Yon Hyo
Page 189 and 190: severe draught in 1988 and the dram
Page 192 and 193: The advent of the “Songun Era”
Page 194 and 195: IV-30
Page 196 and 197: Bearing in mind Kim Jong Il’s rec
Page 198 and 199: Table IV-2. Composition of the Nort
Page 202 and 203: Eastern Europe. That was reportedly
Page 204 and 205: Table IV-5. Leading Ideologues Insi
Page 206 and 207: Table IV-7. Regional Origins of Top
Page 208 and 209: “Foreign Wind” The “foreign w
Page 210 and 211: Table IV-10. Some of the Most Influ
Page 212 and 213: Table IV-11. The North-South “Han
Page 214 and 215: Song Sok Hwan Vice-Minister Cha Sun
Page 216 and 217: Table IV-13. Korean-American “Int
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Page 220 and 221: Northern security, military, and pa
Page 223: APPENDIX B TONGIL STREET FREE MARKE
Page 227: V. REACHING INTO NORTH KOREA DAVID
Page 231 and 232: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY North Korea is no
Page 233: message right to Kim Jong-il, and m
Page 236 and 237: isk escape from the hermit kingdom.
Page 238 and 239: Society is divided into three broad
Page 240 and 241: contradictions.” 17 This makes se
Page 242 and 243: Internet is not specifically mentio
Page 244 and 245: led to a training program for young
Page 246 and 247: North Korea’s exports from legiti
Page 248 and 249: een the biggest buyers of ivory ove
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worker who travels throughout North
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If we want to reach into North Kore
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conversations with the correct mix
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Although the future of cellular tel
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There are a host of other things on
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Each of the five papers in this col
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promotions) and punishments (e.g.,
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although presumably all calls are m
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cultural rules.” Given the “str
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Speaking of Kim, whom does he consu
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Terms of Reference: North Korean Po
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Joseph S. Bermudez Jr. is an intern
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APPENDIX C ASIAN VIEWS OF NORTH KOR
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In any case, the reforms provide a
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View from Seoul The single most imp
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