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Yale Center for the Study of Globalization Zimbabwe 0.5086617 0.6411654 47 Guinea 0.5163358 0.6994971 31 South Africa 0.585966 0.6278517 40 Morocco 0.5328174 0.8174527 6 Madagascar 0.49342 0.6831058 28 Namibia 0.5341125 0.5341125 37 Congo, Rep. 0.5110457 0.6721544 26 Rwanda 0.4712551 0.6824394 24 Senegal 0.4755806 0.6694724 22 Ghana 0.470842 0.7035923 14 Cameroon 0.4671314 0.7251865 12 Gambia 0.4503763 0.5623108 39 Tanzania 0.4446685 0.7264412 10 Kenya 0.4397641 0.5751081 33 Togo 0.4337871 0.7472274 7 Guinea-Bissau 0.435576 0.5657359 35 Benin 0.4329841 0.6990635 8 Angola 0.4796888 0.4829763 38 Liberia 0.4081629 0.6006409 30 Uganda 0.4108735 0.5940161 23 Burundi 0.4000683 0.668413 17 Cape Verde 0.4432636 0.5591035 32 Malawi 0.394871 0.5663665 27 Djibouti 0.4154776 0.6047124 15 Zambia 0.3980763 0.4786304 41 Mozambique 0.3897084 0.5284644 34 Sierra Leone 0.3754105 0.5535063 25 Mauritania 0.3844209 0.5408809 21 Burkina Faso 0.3745221 0.5527594 20 Congo, Dem. Rep. 0.3594285 0.4973195 36 Côte d’Ivoire 0.3642586 0.5446099 13 Ethiopia 0.3372078 0.6336373 2 Nigeria 0.3393672 0.4436503 29 Niger 0.3177463 0.5008432 18 Mali 0.3194507 0.4811938 19 Chad 0.3150117 0.471312 16 Central African Republic 0.3046063 0.349486 43 Sudan 0.3114393 0.4875877 9 Source: Ncube and others (2013). 112
Africa at a Fork in the Road: Taking Off or Disappointment Once Again? 6.4.1 Adjusting for inequality Inequality can be accounted for by adjusting GDP per capita using the Dalton-Atkinson framework (Atkinson, 1970), which relies on the estimation of an inequality-aversion parameter. This approach was proposed by Ncube and others (2013). An inclusive growth index based on the Dalton-Atkinson inequality index allows the possibility of collecting periodically, say annually, subjective measures of a society’s aversion to inequality in opportunities such as access to social services, natural and physical resources, or representation in political processes. This allows for a consistent comparison of countries across time and space. For the illustration in Table 6.6, the inequality-aversion parameter was simulated from quintile distribution data for each African country and applied to per capita GDP. By construction, the inequality-aversion parameter computed for each country is highly correlated with the Gini coefficient but offers an opportunity to operationalize the Dalton-Atkinson method of adjusting per capita GDP for inequality. Demonstrating a strong preference for equity, the results penalize countries hugely for high inequality. In this respect they contrast with a simple transformation of the Human Development Index or of per capita GDP using just the Gini coefficient.. Table 6.6: Africa GDP Per Capita and GDP Per Capita Adjusted for Inequality, 2006-2010 Country Per capita GDP Per capita GDP adjusted for inequality Gini Inequality aversion Egypt 5436.793 4.41E+08 31.56 2.283514 Botswana 13440.54 7.050981 57.585 1.0073 Mauritius 12296.86 1053567 38.9 1.5387 Tunisia 7874.435 176235.8 40.60333 1.439971 Algeria 7960.784 1401891 37.76 1.627829 Gabon 14192.92 1111304 41.45 1.524286 Comoros 1171.387 81.1443 64.3 0.8792857 Zimbabwe missing missing 50.1 1.201386 Guinea 1029.478 3326.967 42.84 1.339286 South Africa 10007.61 376.1365 60.846 0.9248 Morocco 4334.487 401635.1 39.872 1.601914 Madagascar 990.3096 4936.06 44.68 1.382743 113
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AFRICA at a Fork in the Road TAKING
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Acknowledgements This volume is the
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Africa at a Fork in the Road: Takin
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2. Africa’s Policy Choices in an
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3. Industrialization: The Good Road
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PART III The Governance Factor
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12. The Political Origins of Africa
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14. Corruption in Africa: Shifting
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16. Global Value Chains and “Serv
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17. Better Global Governance for a
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19. The Role of Aid in a Changing A
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PART V Shaping Africa’s Future
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21. Past the Resource Curse: The
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A main improvement has involved eco
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23. Foreign Direct Investment, Natu
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24. Tanzania: Turning Natural Gas i
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26.5 Moving forward Africa’s mixe
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27. Smallholders Hold the Keys to A
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