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Yale Center for the Study of Globalization On paper, about 20 percent of Africa’s exports are industrial products. However, except for South African auto components and garments, both of which have benefited from special incentives, Africa exports almost no manufactured goods that are not based on the processing of raw materials. 7.2 Inter-sectoral productivity differences are very large Africa does not lack productive sectors and firms, even in its low-income economies. However, in many countries, firms with apparently high productivity (sometimes more apparent than real because measured productivity may partly reflect monopoly profits) coexist with sectors and subsistence enterprises whose productivity is very low. African countries appear to experience a “convergence failure” and have significantly more variance and levels of inequality in inter-sectoral productivity than other countries. 122
Africa at a Fork in the Road: Taking Off or Disappointment Once Again? Figure 7.2: Variance in Labor Productivity in African and Other Countries (a) Gini coefficient of weighted productivity distribution vs. average productivity based on macro data 123
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AFRICA at a Fork in the Road TAKING
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Yale Center for the Study of Global
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Acknowledgements This volume is the
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Africa at a Fork in the Road: Takin
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2. Africa’s Policy Choices in an
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3. Industrialization: The Good Road
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PART II Why Performance Matters: Th
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PART III The Governance Factor
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12. The Political Origins of Africa
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14. Corruption in Africa: Shifting
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16. Global Value Chains and “Serv
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17. Better Global Governance for a
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19. The Role of Aid in a Changing A
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PART V Shaping Africa’s Future
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21. Past the Resource Curse: The
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A main improvement has involved eco
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23. Foreign Direct Investment, Natu
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24. Tanzania: Turning Natural Gas i
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26.5 Moving forward Africa’s mixe
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27. Smallholders Hold the Keys to A
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