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Yale Center for the Study of Globalization Pedrick, C., 2012. Going to waste – missed opportunities in the battle to improve food security. CTA Policy Brief No. 7. Brussels and Wageningen: Technical Center for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA). Available at: http://publications. cta.int/media/publications/downloads/PB007E_PDF.pdf? Rolle, Rosa S., 2006. “Improving Post-harvest Management and Marketing in the Asia-Pacific Region: Issues and Challenges.” In Rosa Rolle (ed.), Post-harvest Management of Fruit and Vegetables in the Asia-Pacific Region. Tokyo: Asian Productivity Organization. pp. 23-32. Available at: http://www.apo-tokyo.org/00ebooks/AG-18_PostHarvest/AG-18_PostHarvest.pdf United Nations Population Division, 2010. World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision. New York, NY: UN. World Bank, 2009. World Development Report, 2010: Development and Climate Change. Washington, DC: World Bank. Available at: http://siteresources.world- bank.org/INTWDR2010/Resources/5287678-1226014527953/WDR10-Full- Text.pdf. _______, 2013. Risk and Opportunity Managing Risk for Development. Washington, DC: World Bank. Endnotes 1 According to FAO’s food balance sheet for 2011, Africa contributes 8.5 percent to total annual world food supply. 2 For example, to reduce wastage, fruits on high trees can be harvested with a hook and a catching bag on a pole, to prevent the fruit falling thus bruising. Most vegetable crops are better harvested using tools like knives that cut the crop. 448
26. Taking Stock of Africa’s Green (Shoot) Revolution John W. McArthur Brookings Institution, UN Foundation, and Fung Global Institute 26.1 Introduction Sub-Saharan Africa (hereafter “Africa”) has seen many positive turns of fortune over the past generation. As of the late 1990s, the region’s average per capita income was stagnant, poverty rates were increasing, and key human development measures like child survival were lagging compared to the rest of the world. As a central piece of the challenge, the HIV/AIDS epidemic was devastating tens of millions of lives. Fortunately, thanks to a wide range of local and international efforts since the turn of the millennium, many African development indicators have shown tremendous improvement in recent years. Growth is now up, mortality and poverty are down, and natural resource discoveries are buoying hopes among investors and government leaders around the world. But one key dimension of Africa’s development story has not yet achieved similar rates of progress: agriculture. Decades-old debates over the sector’s role in promoting growth and poverty reduction have been reenergized with new data and analysis (e.g., Collier and Dercon, 2013). Although there is some evidence to suggest that African poverty has recently declined through labor movement out of agriculture (McMillan and Harttgen, 2014), it is not clear how much of this movement might be due to a “push” effect away from the sector’s relative stagnation. Hence there continues to be ambiguity regarding the roles for different possible sources of structural change 449
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AFRICA at a Fork in the Road TAKING
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Yale Center for the Study of Global
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Acknowledgements This volume is the
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2. Africa’s Policy Choices in an
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3. Industrialization: The Good Road
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PART II Why Performance Matters: Th
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6. Inclusive Growth in Africa: Curr
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8. Avoiding an African Spring: Conf
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9. Africa’s Jobs Challenge Haroon
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PART III The Governance Factor
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12. The Political Origins of Africa
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14. Corruption in Africa: Shifting
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16. Global Value Chains and “Serv
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17. Better Global Governance for a
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19. The Role of Aid in a Changing A
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PART V Shaping Africa’s Future
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21. Past the Resource Curse: The
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A main improvement has involved eco
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23. Foreign Direct Investment, Natu
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