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Yale Center for the Study of Globalization Table 12.6: Difference-in-Difference Estimates of the Effect of Electoral Competition on Black Market Premium (Panel of 5-year averages, 1960/64 – 2005/09) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) VARIABLES Log BMP Log BMP Log BMP Log BMP Log BMP Maximum Sample Largest Common Sample Electoral Comp (t-1) -3.135*** -6.034*** -5.622*** -5.752*** -5.886*** (0.990) (1.275) (1.484) (1.461) (1.487) Neibrs Elect Comp (t-2) -2.270** -2.307** -2.378** (0.942) (0.937) (0.911) Civil War dummy (t-1) 0.245 0.247 -0.346 (1.742) (1.692) (1.492) Under IMF dum (t-1) 0.608 0.145 (0.877) (0.989) Trd Shr Ore/Metal (t-1) -0.0407 (0.0923) Trade Shr Fuels (t-1) -0.0159 (0.0271) Dependency ratio (t-1) 31.94 (40.95) Time trend -1.591*** -1.311** -0.693 -0.698 -0.395 (0.197) (0.498) (0.424) (0.418) (0.403) Constant 13.07*** 12.26*** 15.18*** 14.97*** -1.242 (1.081) (3.265) (3.795) (3.772) (23.23) Observations 139 53 53 53 53 R-squared 0.643 0.812 0.871 0.872 0.875 Country Fixed Effects Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Number of Countries 29 21 21 21 21 Notes: Robust standard errors in parentheses. *** p
Africa at a Fork in the Road: Taking Off or Disappointment Once Again? Table 12.7: Difference-in-Difference Estimates of the Effect of Electoral Competition on Regulatory Reform (Panel of 5-year averages, 1960/64 – 2005/09) VARIABLES (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Reform Index Maximum Sample Reform Index Reform Index Reform Index Reform Index Largest Common Sample Electoral Comp (t-1) 0.0751** 0.0428 0.0500** 0.0546*** 0.0472** (0.0365) (0.0250) (0.0197) (0.0167) (0.0177) Neibrs Elect Comp (t-2) -0.0414** -0.0401** -0.0429** (0.0159) (0.0157) (0.0154) Civil War dummy (t-1) -0.00311 -0.00319 -0.0115 (0.0276) (0.0291) (0.0458) Under IMF dum (t-1) -0.0215 -0.0424 (0.0380) (0.0507) Trd Shr Ore/Metal (t-1) -0.00278 (0.00269) Trade Shr Fuels (t-1) 0.00177* (0.000956) Dependency ratio (t-1) 0.673 (1.611) Time trend 0.0756*** 0.101*** 0.112*** 0.112*** 0.121*** (0.00911) (0.00787) (0.00845) (0.00817) (0.0198) Constant -0.222*** -0.405*** -0.351*** -0.343*** -0.680 (0.0569) (0.0582) (0.0625) (0.0623) (0.923) Observations 171 53 53 53 53 R-squared 0.764 0.885 0.901 0.902 0.909 Country Fixed Effects Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Number of Countries 30 21 21 21 21 Notes: Robust standard errors in parentheses. *** p
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AFRICA at a Fork in the Road TAKING
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Yale Center for the Study of Global
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Acknowledgements This volume is the
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Africa at a Fork in the Road: Takin
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2. Africa’s Policy Choices in an
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3. Industrialization: The Good Road
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PART II Why Performance Matters: Th
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6. Inclusive Growth in Africa: Curr
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8. Avoiding an African Spring: Conf
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9. Africa’s Jobs Challenge Haroon
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16. Global Value Chains and “Serv
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17. Better Global Governance for a
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19. The Role of Aid in a Changing A
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PART V Shaping Africa’s Future
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21. Past the Resource Curse: The
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A main improvement has involved eco
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23. Foreign Direct Investment, Natu
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24. Tanzania: Turning Natural Gas i
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26.5 Moving forward Africa’s mixe
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27. Smallholders Hold the Keys to A
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