The <str<strong>on</strong>g>12th</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>Internati<strong>on</strong>al</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>Symposium</str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>on</strong> <strong>District</strong> <strong>Heating</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Cooling</strong>,September 5 th to September 7 th , 2010, Tallinn, Est<strong>on</strong>iayielding heat, electricity <strong>and</strong> pyrolysis slurry. It verylikely can also be extended to other possible biorefineryproducts as l<strong>on</strong>g as those are ―energy‖ products. Thisexpansi<strong>on</strong> opti<strong>on</strong> could be implemented into thest<strong>and</strong>ard.However the most difficult questi<strong>on</strong> remains how thePEF of other, less comm<strong>on</strong> co-products should bedetermined. In the case of pyrolysis slurry it is notpossible to find good average producti<strong>on</strong> efficienciessince the technology is not yet <strong>on</strong> the market. But, howis co-generati<strong>on</strong> of cooling evaluated?In general it can be said that the implementati<strong>on</strong> of theprocess will be str<strong>on</strong>gly dependant <strong>on</strong> investment cost<strong>and</strong> <strong>on</strong> the market value of the product. The productvalue is currently difficult to predict <strong>and</strong> also its futureprice development will be str<strong>on</strong>gly dependant <strong>on</strong> theuse of biomass in the future.Summarising it can be said that even though manyquesti<strong>on</strong>s still need to be answered, this works showsclearly that the integrati<strong>on</strong> of communal CHP plantswith wood pyrolysis is beneficial c<strong>on</strong>cerning thec<strong>on</strong>nected DHN‘s PEF <strong>and</strong> CO 2 emissi<strong>on</strong> coefficient.Vice versa it also shows that CHP plants can play animportant role in the sustainable bio-refineries of thefuture.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThis work is part of the Primary Energy Efficiencyproject of Nordic Energy Research.The funding of the Graduate School of Energy Science<strong>and</strong> Technology (EST) is gratefully acknowledged.REFERENCES[1] Kohl, T., Järvinen, M., Fogelholm, C.J.,―Gasificati<strong>on</strong> <strong>and</strong> biorefinery in combined heat <strong>and</strong>power plants‖, Proceedings of the 11th<str<strong>on</strong>g>Internati<strong>on</strong>al</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>Symposium</str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>on</strong> <strong>District</strong> <strong>Heating</strong> <strong>and</strong><strong>Cooling</strong>, Reykjavik, Icel<strong>and</strong>, 2008[2] EN 15603:2008, ―Energy performance of buildings.Overall energy use <strong>and</strong> definiti<strong>on</strong> of energyratings‖, European Committee for St<strong>and</strong>ardizati<strong>on</strong>,CEN, Brussels.[3] EN 15316-4-5:2007, ―<strong>Heating</strong> systems in buildings.Method for calculati<strong>on</strong> of system energyrequirements <strong>and</strong> system efficiencies. Part 4-5:Space heating systems, the performance <strong>and</strong>quality of district heating <strong>and</strong> large volumeSystems‖, European Committee forSt<strong>and</strong>ardizati<strong>on</strong>, CEN, Brussels, 2007[4] Savola, T., ―Modelling biomass-fuelled small-scaleCHP plants for process synthesis optimisati<strong>on</strong>‖,Doctoral Dissertati<strong>on</strong>, Helsinki University ofTechnology, Espoo 2007[5] Bridgwater, A.V., 2000, Fast pyrolysis processesfor biomass, Renewable <strong>and</strong> Sustainable EnergyRev., 4(1), pp. 1-73.[6] Henrich, E., 2007, ―The status of the FZK c<strong>on</strong>ceptof biomass gasificati<strong>on</strong>‖, 2nd European SummerSchool <strong>on</strong> Renewable Motor Fuels, Warsaw.[7] Daugaard, D., Brown, R., ―Enthalpy for Pyrolysisfor Several Types of Biomass‖, Energy & Fuels2003, 17, 934-939[8] http://www.ecn.nl/phyllis: PHYLLIS is a serviceprovided by the Energy Research Centre of theNetherl<strong>and</strong>s – ECN, 17.9.2009 [selectedsubgroups: untreated wood birch <strong>and</strong>fir/pine/spruce].[9] Brammer, J., Bridgwater, A., ―Drying Technologiesfor an integrated gasificati<strong>on</strong> bio-energy plant‖,Renewable <strong>and</strong> Sustainable Energy Reviews 3(1999) 243-289[10] D<strong>on</strong>es, R. et al, 2004, Life Cycle Inventories ofEnergy Systems: Results for Current Systems inSwitzerl<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> other UCTE Countries, ecoinventreport No. 5, Paul Scherrer Institute Villigen, SwissCentre for Life Cycle Inventories, Dübendorf, CH,p.170.[11] N.N., press release <strong>on</strong>http://www.metso.com/news/newsdocuments.nsf/web3newsdoc/C89A8AC3F77ABD29C22575CF003111F5?OpenDocument&ch=ChMetsoWebEng[12] H. Lund, F. Hvelplund, I. Kass, E. Dukalskis, D.Blumberga, ―<strong>District</strong> heating <strong>and</strong> market ec<strong>on</strong>omyin Latvia‖, Energy, 1999, Vol. 24, pp. 549-559.[13] H. C. Park, M. Chung, S. H. Kim, ―Development ofsystem simulator for community energy system‖,Report to Ministry of Industry, 2003.[14] Y. H. Im, H. C. Park, M. Chung, ―A study of optimalheating supply systems for the newly developingarea in the vicinity of DHC system supplying area‖,Report to Korea <strong>District</strong> <strong>Heating</strong> Corporati<strong>on</strong>, 2006[15] Y. H. Im, M. Chung, H. C. Park, ―Feasibility studyfor small size cogenerati<strong>on</strong> systems in themetropolitan areas of Seoul‖, Final Report to SH(Seoul Housing) Corporati<strong>on</strong>, 2008.[16] M. Chung, H. C. Park, ―Development of a energydem<strong>and</strong> estimator for community energy systems‖,Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society, 2009,Vol 29, pp. 37-44.175
The <str<strong>on</strong>g>12th</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>Internati<strong>on</strong>al</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>Symposium</str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>on</strong> <strong>District</strong> <strong>Heating</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Cooling</strong>,September 5 th to September 7 th , 2010, Tallinn, Est<strong>on</strong>ia[17] M. Chung, H. C. Park, ―Development of a softwarepackage for community energy system assessment– Part I: Building a load estimator‖, Energy, inpress.[18] H. C. Park, S. S. Lee, D. J. Kim, ―Development ofenergy models for department stores‖, KoreanJournal of Air-C<strong>on</strong>diti<strong>on</strong>ing <strong>and</strong> Refrigerati<strong>on</strong>Engineering, 2003, Vol. 15, pp. 1088-94.[20] H. C. Park, ―Development of weighting factors forvariables associated with hourly energyc<strong>on</strong>sumpti<strong>on</strong> pattern for hotels in Korea‖, SAREK(Soc. Air-c<strong>on</strong>diti<strong>on</strong>ing, Ref., Engineers of Korea)Winter Annual meeting, 2002, pp. 76-82[21] H. C. Park, ―Analysis of energy loads for hospitalbuildings‖, SAREK journal, 2002, pp. 1088-93.[19] H. C. Park, M. Chung, ―Building load models forhotels in Korea‖, Journal of the Korean SolarEnergy Society, 2009, Vol. 29, pp. 48-57.176
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