12th International Symposium on District Heating and Cooling

The <strong>12th</strong> <strong>International</strong> <strong>Symposium</strong> on District Heating and Cooling,September 5 th to September 7 th , 2010, Tallinn, EstoniaThe requirements affect most of the stakeholders, forinstance the Planning and Building Act will affect bothend users, construction industry and energydistributors.Architecture information modelThe architecture information model shows the physicalcomponents of a system with subsystems.An energy chain consists of several sub systems asdescribed in Figure 4. A more detailed architectureinformation model is also developed.Each of those sub elements can be spilt up into subelements as shown in Figure 5. The final or basiselement can be described as Figure 6.In order to describe the possible physical systems ageneric model is developed [11], detailed description ofsome of the most relevant energy chains are carriedout in the actual PhD thesis, Figure 1 shows a principaldescriptions of a single energy chain. An end user willtypically be supplied with energy from a variousnumber of energy chains, and each element mightrepresent parallel processes.Consist ofEnergyFeedingsystemComponentEnergyTransformation systemConsist ofComponentEnergyProductionsystemComponentConsist ofConsist ofConsist ofCombustionEnergyprocessTransformation systemComponentComponentConsist ofConsist ofConsist ofWastehandlingsystemComponentA CHP utilizing biomass might consist of the followingelements:FuelinFertilizing, cultivation, logging, logging track, loopof twigs, trimming, transportChipping, packing, transport, local roadsIntermediate storage, transport regional roadsTransport central and regional roadsBuilding, operation demolition of power plant,technology, efficiency, part-load, size, Lifetime,waste treatment, gas cleaning supply of additives,internal transportTransformation to central net, building, operation,demolition of infrastructure, heat/power lossTransmission to local net, building, operation,demolition of infrastructure (pipes, high-tensionlines heat/power loss (insulation, temperaturelevels (supply, return, ground), twin/single pipes,length)Distribution to end user, building, operation,demolition of infrastructure (pipes, lines,substations) heat/power loss(1)FuelOther(chemetc)ConstructionElecprodConstructionHeatprodDismantlingElectricityDismantlingConstructionCoolingprodDismantlingHeatWastehandlingFigure 4 Architecture information model for a part of theenergy chain from generation including distribution, basedon [25]ColdConstructionDist.netColdHeatDismantlingConstructionSubstationDismantlingHeatCoolPurificationsystemComponentBuilt ofFilterComponentCombustioncamberComponentInternalControlSystemStakeholderElectricityproduction unitComponentHeatproduction unitComponentHeatTransportsystemComponentFigure 5 Segment/selection of part of the architectureinformation model.PEF inInfrastructure,buildings,machinery etc.Additional PEFOperation andDemolitionmaintenanceLossConsist ofPEF outFigure 6 Architecture information model, basis elementHeat StoragesystemComponentSince the Primary Energy Efficiency (PEE) of anenergy chain consist of all of the elements fromextraction to delivery the PEF for a chain can becalculated byEChain EFuelEExtraction EProcessing EStorage ETransport EGeneration ETransformation ETransmission EDistributionWhere E is the primary energy input to thesystemThe Power Bonus MethodIn [13] the power bonus method is applied to calculatethe PEF value for a district heating system with CHP. Edeli fP,del,i) (Eexp,iE f ) (2)P(, P,exp, iwhereE P – Primary energy input to the systemE del,I – Delivered energy, energy carrier i(1)35