12th International Symposium on District Heating and Cooling

The <strong>12th</strong> <strong>International</strong> <strong>Symposium</strong> on District Heating and Cooling,September 5 th to September 7 th , 2010, Tallinn, Estoniaarea with high heat use in multi-family buildings andservice sector premises.The results in Fig. 1 also show that 11% of the buildingareas in multi-family buildings, and 31% of the buildingarea in service sector premises have a specific heatuse lower than 100 kWh/m2.Buildings with heat use 200 kWh/m2 or more havebeen further analysed and the results are presented inthe following section considering construction year.2. Construction yearFig. 2 shows specific heat use in multi-family buildingsas a function of construction year. The figure alsoincludes the average value each year, together givingthe total average specific heat use of 152 kWh/m2.There are no major differences in heat use in buildingsconstructed before 1980. After 1980, the heat use wasapproximated 15% lower than the average heat use forall buildings in Sweden.The relationship between construction year and highheat use in buildings has been analysed. The definitionof high heat use is 200 kWh/m2 or more. Fig. 4 showsthe results for multi-family buildings. There were a totalof 179.3 millions square metres in multi-family buildingsin 2006 and 13% of the heated area had heat use of atleast 200 kWh/m2.Of special interest are buildings built during the period1965–74, when a large part of the existing buildings inSweden were built. During this period there were norequirements for low energy use in buildings.In multi-family buildings built during the period1965–74, 30% of the total area had heat use of at least200 kWh/m2 and for buildings built in the period1941–60. 42% of the total building area had heat useof 200 kWh/m2 or more.Heat usekWh/m 24003503002502001501005001930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010Construction yearFig. 2 Specific heat use as a function of construction yearfor 4285 multi-family buildingsFig. 4 Total square metres where heat use is higher orequal to 200 kWh/m2 in multi-family buildings categorisedby construction year.Heat usekWh/m 24003503002502001501005001930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010Construction yearFig. 3 Specific heat use as a function of construction yearfor 4061 service sector buildings.The heat use in service sector premises is shown inFig. 3. Also in these buildings, the average heat useafter 1980 is lower (about 10%) than the average heatuse in all service sector premises in Sweden.Fig. 5 Total square metres where heat use is higher orequal to 200 kWh/m2 in service sector premisescategorised by construction year.The relationship between high heat use in servicesector premises and construction year is shown inFig. 5. During 2006, 15.6 million square metres hadheat use of at least 200 kWh/m 2 . Service sectorpremises built between 1965 and 1974 had high heatuse in 3.5 million square metres.274