12th International Symposium on District Heating and Cooling

The <strong>12th</strong> <strong>International</strong> <strong>Symposium</strong> on District Heating and Cooling,September 5 th to September 7 th , 2010, Tallinn, EstoniaAsh handling costsAsh handling costs calculations are based onassumptions, that:Peat ash content is 5%. Average calorific value is3.3 MWh/t [11];Wood chips ash content is 1%, calorific value2.4 MWh/t;Natural gas combustion does not emit any ash;Regarding to information obtained from differentlandfill owners, an average for year 2012 expectedash removal costs (ash transportation to landfill, andstoring) are 45 EUR/t.The combustion plant is equipped with dry ashremoving system.Taking into account above mentioned information theash handling costs per MWh of fuel energy content forthe peat and wood chips are ~0.19 and 0.72 EUROrespectively.Pollution chargesPollution charges and levels are calculated base on theEnvironmental Charges Act [12], Regulation No 99/2004[13] and No 94/2004 of Estonian Minister of Environment[14].The method described in [13] takes into account differentcombustion technologies, flue gas cleaningtechnologies, control devices as well as capacities todefine emission factors of pollutants.Table 2. Summarised results of the heat price calculations for different CHP expansion scenariosDistrict heating areaCHP plant capacityHeat price, EURO/MWhHeatdemandMaximumheat capacityTechnologyFuelHeatElectricalInvestmentIRR 7% IRR 12%MWh MW MW h MW e MEURO Withoutgrant270WithgrantWithoutgrantWithgrant5000 1,5 ST/SE Peat 0,83 0,13 1,31 55 --- 67 ---5000 1,5 ST/SE Woodchips 0,83 0,13 1,31 53 39 65 445000 1,5 Gas engine Natural gas 0,83 0,63 0,77 61 --- 66 ---10000 3 ST/SE Peat 1,65 0,27 2,54 54 --- 65 ---10000 3 ST/SE Woodchips 1,65 0,27 2,54 51 37 62 4310000 3 ORC Peat 1,65 0,34 2,93 53 --- 66 ---10000 3 ORC Woodchips 1,65 0,34 2,93 49 32 61 3810000 3 Gas engine Natural gas 1,65 1,36 1,29 56 --- 60 ---20000 6 ST/SE Peat 3,30 0,60 4,46 49 --- 59 ---20000 6 ST/SE Woodchips 3,30 0,60 4,46 46 34 56 3920000 6 ORC Peat 3,30 0,70 4,94 46 --- 57 ---20000 6 ORC Woodchips 3,30 0,70 4,94 42 29 53 3420000 6 Gas engine Natural gas 3,30 2,94 2,65 55 --- 59 ---40000 12 ST/SE Peat 6,60 1,44 7,08 41 --- 49 ---40000 12 ST/SE Woodchips 6,60 1,44 7,08 38 29 45 3240000 12 ORC Peat 6,60 1,44 8,10 40 --- 49 ---40000 12 ORC Woodchips 6,60 1,44 8,10 36 25 44 2940000 12 Gas engine Natural gas 6,60 6,40 5,34 53 --- 57 ---80000 24 ST/SE Peat 13,20 3,90 14,57 39 --- 47 ---80000 24 ST/SE Woodchips 13,20 3,90 14,57 35 --- 42 ---80000 24 ORC Peat 13,20 2,96 15,20 38 --- 46 ---80000 24 ORC Woodchips 13,20 2,96 15,20 34 --- 42 ---80000 24 Gas engine Natural gas 13,20 14,00 11,66 53 --- 57 ---To avoid complexity of the analysis to be issued fromdifferent combinations of capacities, combustiontechnologies, fuel gas cleaning and control equipmentit is assumed that:Thermal capacity of combustion plants is below50MW;Selected combustion technology provides lowestemission level than the others in [13] mentionedcombustion technologies;Combustion plant is equipped with the mosteffective control systems mentioned in [13];Combustion plant is equipped with the mosteffective flue gas treatment technology mentionedin [13].Calculated levels for pollution charges for year 2013are:~0.07 EUR/MWhfuel for wood chips;~0.95 EUR/MWhfuel for peat;~0.43 EUR/MWhfuel for natural gas.