The <str<strong>on</strong>g>12th</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>Internati<strong>on</strong>al</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>Symposium</str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>on</strong> <strong>District</strong> <strong>Heating</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Cooling</strong>,September 5 th to September 7 th , 2010, Tallinn, Est<strong>on</strong>iafor axial heat loss <strong>and</strong> the thermal c<strong>on</strong>ductivity, thermalresistance <strong>and</strong> overall heat loss are calculated.Test results institute <strong>on</strong>eAs the actual measurement data are not available dueto the correcti<strong>on</strong> factor, <strong>on</strong>ly the calculated values canbe discussed in this paragraph. As so<strong>on</strong> as the actualmeasurements become available this secti<strong>on</strong> will beupdated. Furthermore the results are not given forexactly 60, 70 <strong>and</strong> 80 °C due to the fixed power supplywith no temperature set point, the displayed results arecalculated heat loss values at the set temperatures tomake the data more interpretive. For this calculati<strong>on</strong>the linearizati<strong>on</strong> method described in the Europeanst<strong>and</strong>ard [1] is used. In Graph 4 the data from Table 3is presented as a graph.Table 3, Results test institute <strong>on</strong>e for the Flexalen 600productsHeat loss of the Flexalen 600 series in W/m tested attest institute <strong>on</strong>eProduct 40 °C 50 °C 60 °C 70 °C 80 °C50A25 5.6 8,8 11.9 15.1 18.3160A90 9.1 15.1 21.1 27.1 33.0200A110 9.8 15.1 20.5 25.8 31.2Heat loss [W/m]40302010Heat loss results test institute <strong>on</strong>eAn update to this paper will be made as so<strong>on</strong> as theFlexalen 600 results will become available.Testing method institute twoThe method used by this institute is generally the sameas the method used by Thermaflex; however the testfacility itself is different.Physical test facilityThe testing facility at institute two c<strong>on</strong>sists of atemperature c<strong>on</strong>trolled room, kept at the prescribed23 °C. As a heat source a heating probe, c<strong>on</strong>sisting ofa 2 m test secti<strong>on</strong> <strong>and</strong> two 50 cm end guards is used.At the time of writing no further informati<strong>on</strong> <strong>on</strong> the testfacility was available. This paragraph will be updatedwhen this informati<strong>on</strong> becomes available.Method of testingPrior to testing, the sample is prepared by placingthermocouples in various locati<strong>on</strong>s <strong>on</strong> the inner servicepipe <strong>and</strong> outer casing. Subsequently the sample isplaced in the temperature c<strong>on</strong>trolled room <strong>and</strong> theheating probe is inserted. By setting the power supplyto a calculated value for all three heating coils theheating process of the sample is started. Because ofthe low fixed value of the power supply, this heating willtake approximately 5 to 8 hours. After the desiredtemperature is reached at the test secti<strong>on</strong> as well as atthe guarded ends, the actual test is performed. The testc<strong>on</strong>sists of a power reading during a 30 min cyclewhere het temperature of the test secti<strong>on</strong> <strong>and</strong> guardedends may not exceed the limit of an yet unknownb<strong>and</strong>width.Test results test institute twoThe test results of institute two are given in Table 4 <strong>and</strong>Graph 5. As not all data was available during writingthere tables <strong>and</strong> graphs will be updated.040 50 60 70 80Temperature inner service pipe [°C]Flexalen 50A25Flexalen 160A90Flexalen 200A110Graph 4, Results test institute <strong>on</strong>e for the Flexalen 600productsTEST INSTITUTE TWOTable 4, Results test institute two for the competitiveproductsHeat loss of competitive products in W/mtested at test institute twoSample 40 °C 50 °C 60 °C 70 °C 80 °C90DN25 1.95 4.00 6.02 8.06 10.09For the sec<strong>on</strong>d test institute in this research, aninstitute using the same guarded end method ischosen. This makes it possible to provide a correctcomparis<strong>on</strong> between the test results <strong>and</strong> not <strong>on</strong>ly thetesting method. The tests carried out by test institutetwo at the time of writing are of competitive products<strong>on</strong>ly as the facility was already running <strong>on</strong> full capacity.255
Heat loss [W/m]15105Heat loss results test institute two040 50 60 70 80Temperature inner service pipe [°C]Competitive sample 1Competitive sample 2The <str<strong>on</strong>g>12th</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>Internati<strong>on</strong>al</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>Symposium</str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>on</strong> <strong>District</strong> <strong>Heating</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Cooling</strong>,September 5 th to September 7 th , 2010, Tallinn, Est<strong>on</strong>iacompetitive products show c<strong>on</strong>sistency with testinstitute two as shown in Graph 7. The heat lossequipment values are just a little higher, which can beexplained by the need to cut the sample in order toplace the heating probe with thermocouples in the rightpositi<strong>on</strong>. The difference between the outcome of thetest <strong>on</strong> sample 1 are 0.39 <strong>and</strong> 0.22 W/m at an innerservice pipe temperature of 60 <strong>and</strong> 80 °C respectively.These values are within the combined accuracy rangeof both facilities. This comparis<strong>on</strong>, although <strong>on</strong>ly based<strong>on</strong> <strong>on</strong>e test, proves the worthiness of the Thermaflexheat loss equipment <strong>and</strong> will be updated as more datacomes available.15Heat loss comparis<strong>on</strong> Thermaflex <strong>and</strong> test institute twoGraph 5, Results test institute two for the competitiveproductsCOMPARISON OF THE TEST RESULTSComparis<strong>on</strong> of the Thermaflex flexalen 600 series:Although both methods, guarded end <strong>and</strong> calculatedend, are approved <strong>and</strong> described in the Europeanst<strong>and</strong>ard [1], the difference between the results issubstantial as displayed in Graph 6. Moreover allresults vary more as the temperature differenceincreases. This can be explained by the use of thecalculated end caps that c<strong>on</strong>duct more energy athigher temperature differences. As these end caplosses increase, the corrected thermal c<strong>on</strong>ducti<strong>on</strong> forthe sample also increases, resulting in a highercalculated heat-loss.Heat loss [W/m]3530252015105Heat loss comparis<strong>on</strong> Thermaflex <strong>and</strong> test institute <strong>on</strong>e040 50 60 70 80Temperature inner service pipe [°C]Flexalen 50A25 Thermaflex resultFlexalen 50A25 Institute <strong>on</strong>e resultFlexalen 160A90 Thermaflex resultFlexalen 160A90 Institute <strong>on</strong>e resultFlexalen 160A90 Thermaflex resultFlexalen 160A90 Institute <strong>on</strong>e resultGraph 6, Comparis<strong>on</strong> results of the heat loss equipment<strong>and</strong> test institute <strong>on</strong>eComparis<strong>on</strong> of competitive products:Although the Thermaflex heat loss equipment wasdesigned for Flexalen series, test results <strong>on</strong>Heat loss [W/m]105040 50 60 70 80Temperature inner service pipe [°C]Competitive sample 1Competitive sample 1Competitive sample 2Competitive sample 2Graph 7, Comparis<strong>on</strong> results of the heat loss equipment<strong>and</strong> test institute twoCONCLUSIONDuring this research it has become clear that theEuropean st<strong>and</strong>ard [1] tolerates differences in heat lossvalues by allowing different testing methods. Theoutcome of the tests indicate that the result of theguarded end cap method varies from the result of thecalculated end cap method, however no assumpti<strong>on</strong>scan be made based <strong>on</strong> <strong>on</strong>ly <strong>on</strong>e comparingmeasurement. Further study that is being c<strong>on</strong>ducted atthis moment will provide more comparis<strong>on</strong> data. Thiswill be updated with this data as so<strong>on</strong> as becomesavailable. This new data could point out that the vanRinsum theory is not suitable for accurate heat lossmeasurement of plastic piping systems.The comparis<strong>on</strong> of the guarded end method resultsfrom test institute two <strong>and</strong> the Thermaflex heat lossequipment c<strong>on</strong>clude that the results of the heat lossequipment are correct <strong>and</strong> comply with the Europeanst<strong>and</strong>ard [1]. This validati<strong>on</strong> makes the results of theThermaflex heat loss equipment valid for not <strong>on</strong>ly inhouse testing but also for publicati<strong>on</strong> as d<strong>on</strong>e in “Heatloss of flexible plastic pipe systems analysis <strong>and</strong>optimizati<strong>on</strong>” (E. van der Ven et Al.) [4] <strong>and</strong> “Performanceof pre insulated pipes” (I. Smits et Al.) [6].256
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