12th International Symposium on District Heating and Cooling

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The <strong>12th</strong> <strong>International</strong> <strong>Symposium</strong> on District Heating and Cooling,September 5 th to September 7 th , 2010, Tallinn, Estoniapoints with lower district heating temperatures where aCOP of up to 6.5 can be achieved.2 Friotherm heat pumpsType UNITOP 28CX-71210UFrom districtheating-networkHeat source capacity24.3°C 15.5MWHeat sink capacity19MW50°CFlue-gasCombined chiller / heat pump at Sandvika plantFlue- gascondensingPower consumption3.5MW3. THE KATRI VALA PLANT IN HELSINKI:COMBINED HEATING AND COOLINGThis is the largest combined chiller heat pumpinstallation in the world producing simultaneously60MWth cooling and 90MWth heating, i.e. totalproduced thermal energy is 150MW. The requiredelectrical input is 30MW i.e. a superb COP of 5 can beachieved (150MW / 30MW).During Winter season the required cooling is done bysea water, while heat is produced by using cleanedwaste water as heat source.Flue-gascleaning34.2°CSteam- turbineBoilerGeneratorWaste-to-Energy plant SYSAV Malmö Sweden59.2°C5. NIMROD STOCKHOLM: COMBINED HEATINGAND COOLINGDue to the fact that with every cooling process there isalso waste heat generated, Friotherm AG, which hasworked since many years on chillers with heatrecovery, has worked out a concept which allowsvarious operating modes in order to operate the chiller /heat pumps more efficient over a longer period and,making therefore the investment more attractive:Typical Unitop 50FY heat pump (Q heat 15 to 23MW)There are 4 chiller / heat pumps installed in the Nimrodplant. The centrifugal compressors are switched inparallel for Summer cooling production of 48MW.However during this period heat recovery is notrequired as there is sufficient capacity available fromthe existing heat pumps.4. SYSAV MALMÖ: HEAT RECOVERY FROM WETFLUE GAS CLEANING PROCESSSYSAV Malmö in Sweden has built a new waste-toenergyplant. An important part in this plant was theinstallation of a 19MW heat pump using the flue gascondensation as heat source. The heat pump issupplying hot water with a temperature of up to 70 °Cto the district heating system of the community ofMalmö.The two heat pumps are connected in series on theheat source side and on the heat sink side; thisimproves considerably the COP. There are operating259The same units are producing during Spring, Autumnand Winter a cooling capacity 24MW with a full heatrecovery of 35.6MW at a temperature level of 78 °C.For heat recovery operation mode the centrifugalcompressors are switched in series.Each chiller / heat pump consists of two centrifugalcompressors Type Uniturbo 33CX and 28CX and isable to operate at the following modes, describedbelow:5.1 Cooling only:During Summer with high cooling demand, the wasteheat from the condenser is removed with sea water of
The <strong>12th</strong> <strong>International</strong> <strong>Symposium</strong> on District Heating and Cooling,September 5 th to September 7 th , 2010, Tallinn, Estoniamax. 22 °C, therefore the condenser and sub coolerare equipped with Titanium tubes.The two compressors Uniturbo 33CX and 28CX arethen working in parallel, in a single stage mode, with asingle stage expansion, producing a cooling capacity ofup to 7MW plus 5MW = 12MW i.e. with 4 units a total of48MW.Depending on the cooling demand, one or the other, orboth compressors can be put in operation.If needed, the part load of each chiller / heat pump canbe controlled down to 10% of its nominal capacity, witha reasonable high efficiency, with the use of inlet guidevanes. The chilled water temperature outlet is keptconstant to 5 °C5.2 Combination of cooling and heating:During Spring, Autumn and Winter, with moderatecooling demand of up to 24MW, but simultaneous needof heating, the waste heat from the condenser issupplied to the district heating network at atemperature outlet of 78 °C and a maximum heatcapacity of 35.6MW.The two compressors Uniturbo 33CX and 28CX arethen working in series in two stage compression mode,with two stage expansion using an economiser afterthe first stage expansion.The compressor Type Uniturbo 33CX with the largervolume flow is working as 1st stage and the TypeUniturbo 28CX with the smaller volume flow as 2ndstage compressor.The control system is controlling the required coolingcapacity; the surplus heat is supplied fully to the districtheating network at a temperature level of up to 78 °C.I.e. this operation mode delivers heat which can besold in addition to the cooling, with a total COP ofabove 5.The cooling only mode and the combination of heatingand cooling mode are explained in the below P&I‘s:CONCLUSIONReliability of technology, future developments andchallengesAbout more than 140 heat pumps, producing hot waterwith temperatures above 70 °C, are installed worldwide since 1980. The heat pump plants described inthis article are only showing a small part of thenowadays available applications.Almost all of the installed heat pumps plants startingfrom the early 1980's are today still in operation, whichis showing the high reliability of this technology.Nimrod single stage operation2 compressors in parallel288Today developments are the extension of the heatpump operation range in temperature and capacity toexploit new heat sources and to extent the field ofapplications.The adaptation of the centrifugal heat pumps to newrefrigerants with GWP close to zero is already on theway.REFERENCESSea waterCooling capacity 12 MWNimrod two stage operation2 compressors in series28Heating water33Heating capacity 9 MWCooling capacity 6 MWText and pictures from Friotherm AG / Switzerland.260
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P-1P-4P-9P-7E-5P-14P-8The 1
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to heating costs of 14,5 ct/kWh. Th
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academic access is facilitated as t
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1. CHP system operation in A2. Ther
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is covered by operating HOB. In oth
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produce heat and electricity. Fluct
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12th International Symposium on District Heating and Cooling

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