The <str<strong>on</strong>g>12th</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>Internati<strong>on</strong>al</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>Symposium</str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>on</strong> <strong>District</strong> <strong>Heating</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Cooling</strong>,September 5 th to September 7 th , 2010, Tallinn, Est<strong>on</strong>iaFig. 1 network scheme suitable for T-LinkEspecially for networks with short distances betweenthe branches <strong>and</strong> the c<strong>on</strong>necti<strong>on</strong> to the houses, a highdegree of pre-fabricati<strong>on</strong> can be offered.One soluti<strong>on</strong> is the T-Link as described before. Another<strong>on</strong>e can be a main line up to 100 m with factory welded<strong>and</strong> insulated Tees. This reduces the work <strong>on</strong> site tojust 1 welding for the house c<strong>on</strong>necti<strong>on</strong> line. Thissoluti<strong>on</strong> is interesting for l<strong>on</strong>ger distance housec<strong>on</strong>necti<strong>on</strong>s.THE IMPORTANCE OF THE NETWORK DESIGNFlexible PB piping systems offer important advantagescompared to other plastic <strong>and</strong> steel systems in terms oflayout <strong>and</strong> design.Compared to steel pipes flexible PB systems can belaid more direct as the system is flexible <strong>and</strong> fully selfcompensating.Expansi<strong>on</strong> loops <strong>and</strong> elbows can besaved. The saving in pipe length can be calculated with7–10%.PB systems offer low fricti<strong>on</strong> loss <strong>and</strong> show nocalcificati<strong>on</strong> or incrustati<strong>on</strong> during the lifetime. Thepolyfusi<strong>on</strong> welded fittings have at least the same innerdiameter as the pipe <strong>and</strong> offer the same high abrasi<strong>on</strong>resistance. Taking this into account, some extrasecurity factors used in pipe dimensi<strong>on</strong>ing can beeliminated.265PB systems can be operated with much higher flowspeed; hence smaller dimensi<strong>on</strong>s can be used for thesame load requirement. See also J. Korsman, I.M.Smits, E. van der Ven [4].With relati<strong>on</strong> to the topic of this paper, the followingadditi<strong>on</strong>al savings can be made during the networkdesign: Looking for a new building area, mostly streets withblock of houses there are two possibilities:Installing under the floor or Installing in the streets. For every house c<strong>on</strong>necti<strong>on</strong> under the floor <strong>on</strong>lytwo welds <strong>and</strong> two insulati<strong>on</strong> sets are necessary.Reducti<strong>on</strong> of the installing time/costs by 50–60%. For every house c<strong>on</strong>necti<strong>on</strong> in the street, apre-fabricati<strong>on</strong> e.g. for 8–10 house-c<strong>on</strong>necti<strong>on</strong>sbuilt in into <strong>on</strong>e 100m coil can safe installingtime/costs totally including excavating the trenchesof 70%Taking all these possibilities for savings <strong>and</strong>optimizati<strong>on</strong> into account, the next most important topicfor Energy Provider, the efficiency of the network inoperati<strong>on</strong>, can be tackled as well. Due to the possiblereducti<strong>on</strong> in network length <strong>and</strong> pipe diameter, theoverall heat loss can be reduced as well. See alsoresults from the work of I.M. Smits, J. Korsman, J.T.van Wijnkoop <strong>and</strong> E.J.H.M. van der Ven [5] <strong>and</strong> J.T.van Wijnkoop, E.J.H.M. van der Ven [3].
The <str<strong>on</strong>g>12th</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>Internati<strong>on</strong>al</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>Symposium</str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>on</strong> <strong>District</strong> <strong>Heating</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Cooling</strong>,September 5 th to September 7 th , 2010, Tallinn, Est<strong>on</strong>iaCONCLUSIONNew c<strong>on</strong>necti<strong>on</strong> soluti<strong>on</strong>s, which meet therequirements of Energy Companies in terms of lowerinvestment costs, faster installati<strong>on</strong> time <strong>and</strong> durability,have been co-created with leading Energy Suppliers inAustria <strong>and</strong> The Netherl<strong>and</strong>s.These soluti<strong>on</strong>s are based <strong>on</strong> flexible <strong>and</strong> weld-ableplastic systems <strong>and</strong> have been used successfully up to29 years in sec<strong>on</strong>dary networks with maximumoperati<strong>on</strong> temperatures of 95 °C (peak temperature)<strong>and</strong> maximum pressure of 8 bars.The latest development is going into the directi<strong>on</strong> of ahigher degree of pre-fabricati<strong>on</strong>, by including the entirec<strong>on</strong>necti<strong>on</strong> line to the houses as well as parts of themain line into <strong>on</strong>e piece, made up <strong>and</strong> fully pressuretested in the factory.The experiences in recent projects are showinginstallati<strong>on</strong> times 5–10 times faster compared toc<strong>on</strong>venti<strong>on</strong>al pre-insulated steel. The number ofc<strong>on</strong>necti<strong>on</strong>s to be made <strong>on</strong> site is significantly reduced.Successful projects with Energy Suppliers in TheNetherl<strong>and</strong>s are c<strong>on</strong>firming the advantages of this newc<strong>on</strong>necti<strong>on</strong> soluti<strong>on</strong>.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTREFERENCES[1] EN 15632 <strong>District</strong> heating pipes, Pre-insulatedflexible pipe systems, Requirements <strong>and</strong> testmethods[2] Dipl. Ing. E. Kramer, Univ.Prof. Dr. J. Koppelmann,„Untersuchung zur Dimensi<strong>on</strong>ierung einer flexiblenFernwärmeleitung aus Kunststoff―, UniversityLeoben, Austria; 1984.[3] J.T. van Wijnkoop, E. van der Ven, ―Verificati<strong>on</strong> ofheat loss measurements‖, 12 th ISDHC 2010.[4] J. Korsman, I.M. Smits, E.J.H.M. van der Ven―Heat loss analysis <strong>and</strong> optimizati<strong>on</strong> of a flexiblepiping system‖, 12 th ISDHC 2010.[5] I.M. Smits, J. Korsman, J.T. van Wijnkoop <strong>and</strong>E.J.H.M. van der Ven, ―Comparis<strong>on</strong> of competitive(semi)flexible piping systems by means of heatloss measurement‖, <str<strong>on</strong>g>12th</str<strong>on</strong>g> ISDHC 2010.[6] Univ. Prof. Dr. E. Hönninger, „Sekundärnetzefördern die Fernwärmeanwendung―,STEWEAG,Fernwärme <str<strong>on</strong>g>Internati<strong>on</strong>al</str<strong>on</strong>g> 14/85.[7] C. Engel, „Polybutene – The alternative material forheating <strong>and</strong> domestic hot & cold water systems―,PLASTIC PIPES IX, Edinburgh 1995.Acknowledgement go to the innovative engineers inEnergy Providers like STEWEAG, NUON <strong>and</strong> ENECO,who are drivers for co-creati<strong>on</strong> of new soluti<strong>on</strong>s for thebenefit of the entire industry.266
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