Maarten van Hoek The Geography of Cup-and-Ring ... - StoneWatch

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26. BROSTRÖM, S. G. & K. IHRESTAM. 1996. Nyupptäckta hällristningar inom världsarvsområdet i Tanum 1995. Adoranten 1996: 66-67. Underslös, Sverige. (G) 27. BROWN, P. L. 1976. Megaliths, Myths and Men, An introduction to Astro-Archaeology. Blandford, Poole, England. 28. BURENHULT, G. 1973. The rock carvings of Götaland (excluding Gothenburg, Bohuslän and Dalsland), Part II. A.A.L. 8. Lund, Sverige. (B) 29. BURENHULT, G. 1980. The rock carvings of Götaland (excluding Gothenburg, Bohuslän and Dalsland), Part I. Theses and Papers in North-European Archaeology. Stockholm, Sverige. (B) 30. BURGESS, C. 1990. The chronology of cup and cup and ring markings in Atlantic Europe. Revue Archéologique de L’Ouest, supplément 2, 157-171. 31. BURL, A. 1976. The Stone Circles of the British Isles. YUP. London, England. 32. BURL, A. 1987. The sun, the moon, and megaliths, Archaeoastronomy and the standing stones of Northern Ireland. Ulster Journal of Archaeology 50: 7- 21, Belfast, Northern Ireland. 33. CAMPBELL, M. 1984. Mid Argyll, an archaeological Guide. Dolphin Press, Fife, Scotland. 34. CAPELLE, T. 1984. Norddeutsche Felsbilder. Hildesheim, Deutschland. 35. CLARKE, J. P. 1985. Prehistoric rock inscriptions near Dundalk, County Louth. CLAHJ - XXI, I; 106-116. Dundalk, Ireland. 36. COLES, J. 1990. Images of the past; A guide to the rock carvings and other ancient monuments of Northern Bohuslän. Hällristningsmuseet Vitlycke, Sverige. (C) 37. COSTAS GOBERNA, F. J. 1984. Petroglifos del litoral sur de la Ría de Vigo (Valles Fragaso y Miñor). Vigo, España. 38. COSTAS GOBERNA, Jose Bernardino, 1997. Historia de Chandebrito. Clube Espeleoloxico MAUXO, Concello de Nigran, España. M. van HOEK: 246 GEOGRAPHY
39. COSTAS GOBERNA, F. J., NOVOA ÁLVAREZ, P. & ALBO MORAN, J. M. 1994. Los grabados rupestres de Pena de Chaos e Pena da Moura en San Fiz de Amarante (Antas de Ulla, Lugo). Brigantium 8, 263-284. A Coruña, España. 40. COSTAS GOBERNA, F. J., NOVOA ÁLVAREZ, P. & ALBO MORAN, J. M. 1991. Los grabados rupestres de Gargamala (Mondariz) y el Grupo IV del Monte Teton en Tebra (Tomiño) provincia de Pontevedra. Castrelos 3-4; 85-116. Revista del Museo Municipal “Quiñones de Leon”. Vigo, España. 41. COSTAS GOBERNA, F. J. & NOVOA ÁLVAREZ, P. 1993. Los grabados rupestres de Galicia. Monografias 6. La Coruña, España. 42. COSTAS GOBERNA, F. J., & PEREIRA GARíA, E. 1997. El petroglifo del Coto de Barcelos (Oia, Pontevedra). Castrelos 9-10; 81-90. Revista del Museo Municipal “Quiñones de Leon”. Vigo, España. 43. EIROA, J. J. & REY, P. 1984. Guia de los petroglifos de Muros. Santiago, España. 44. EVERS, D. 1996. De magie der beelden; prehistorische Scandinavische rotstekeningen. Driebergen, Holland. (E) 45. FANE GLADWIN, P. F. 1978. Discoveries at Brainport Bay, Minard, Argyll, an interim report (1). The Kist 16: 1 – 15. Lochgilphead, Scotland. 46. FREDSJÖ, Å. 1981. Hällristningar i Kville härad i Bohuslän. Svenneby, Bottna and Kville socken. Forminnesföreningen- Göteborg. Sverige. (F) 47. FRODSHAM, P. 1996. Spirals in time: Morwick Mill and the spiral motif in the British Neolithic. Northern Archaeology 13/14: 101 – 138. Newcastle, England. 48. GARCÍA ALÉN, A. & PEñA SANTOS, F. A. de la. 1980. Grabados rupestres de la Provincia de Pontevedra. La Coruña, España. 49. HADINGHAM, E. 1974. Ancient carvings in Britain; a mystery. Garnstone press, London, England. M. van HOEK: 246 GEOGRAPHY
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The World of Petroglyphs CD Special
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Impressum: Stonewatch Society for c
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M. van HOEK: GEOGRAPHY INDEX PART 1
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lifetime job. For instance, it took
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* 1.1.2 THE LIMITS OF THE SUBJECT *
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geomorphologic characteristics of t
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The Irish island has three major op
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� CHAPTER 1.2.1 � THE KILMARTIN
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It is certain that, also in the Kil
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possible site of menhir 8 are surro
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interfered with their observations.
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* 1.2.1.2 PETROGLYPHS AND INTERVISI
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* 1.2.1.2.1.1 The west route initia
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and the possible landing site. View
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photo photo photo FIG. 14: THE EAST
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Achnabreck is a complex of nine wid
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standing stone in Fig. 6) and for t
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The situation in the study area dif
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art sites in the study area (and el
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major route through the interior, a
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* 1.2.2.1.3 Still further east anot
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the rock art groups as their ritual
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elatively level land. These groups
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top of a protruding rock shelter. I
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map map map map map FIG. 26b: BRADL
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impossible that these two sites eve
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* 1.2.3.2.5 The group north of Roth
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illus FIGURE 32: VIEWS FROM THE CHA
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not mean that this has been intende
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concentrations of stone circles and
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my study area. Their distribution m
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on the coast opposite Muros peninsu
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illus FIGURE 39: PETROGLYPH SITES A
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FIG.42: SANTA TECLA, CASTRO. instan
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small bit of the Taxes valley (mark
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Moreover, from whatever direction t
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argue that all these sites command
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One petroglyph outcrop stone is eve
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� CHAPTER 1.3.2 � GARGAMALA, A
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FIGURE 52: VISIBILITY FROM THE SITE
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encircle the ridge. Also the distri
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idge, centring on sites 3 and 4. Wh
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APPENDIX 1 AN INVENTORY OF THE ROCK
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Group 7C. Described by COSTAS GOBER
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and is approximately 1 to 0.5 cm de
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� CHAPTER 1.4 � THE ALPS, THE B
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* 1.4.1.1.1 There indeed prove to b
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* 1.4.1.1.2 Although the Alps are r
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FIG. 63: PART OF COREN DE LE FATE,
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floodplain of the valley of the Upp
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This rock also features a small cup
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idge called Crete des Barmes, only
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� CHAPTER 1.4.2 � ELVAS AND SPR
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photo photo photo photo FIG. 77: TH
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found linearly grouped along a stee
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undertaken (Figs 84 and 85). The tr
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FIGURE 87: SPRONS 2. The lack of ro
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especially dealing with the distrib
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In many rock art regions there seem
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occur in a vast area. Many cupules
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� CHAPTER 1.5.1 � DISTRIBUTION
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icecap first caused the land to sin
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the study area, especially in Swede
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illus. illus. FIG. 97: ROCK ART DIS
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islands in bays or in lake systems
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* 1.5.3.1.1 It is remarkable that r
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* 1.5.3.2.2 Probably the youngest r
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* 1.5.3.2.4.1 Almost every part of
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claiming the rock art at Helgaberg/
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This notch is also the first natura
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Another cupuled stone has been repo
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Swedish distribution moreover echoe
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APPENDIX 2. Spreadsheet summarising
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APPENDIX 4. A HORDALAND (Area 2) 37
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APPENDIX 6 There is always a proble
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� CHAPTER 2.1 � DISTRIBUTION OF
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centripetal pull. Not only impressi
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* 2.1.1 THE ALPINE SITUATION * We a
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* 2.1.2 THE BRITISH ISLES * Contrar
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FIGURE 129. BALLOCHMYLE. THIS IS A
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* 2.1.3 GALICIA * Unfortunately, th
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The distribution in south Sweden is
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� CHAPTER 2.2 � INSTANCES OF
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G stops at motif D. This proves tha
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example occurs at Gargamala 7J, Gal
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“....but 3 is special. It is one
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ILLUS FIGURE 140: ROCK ART ON TOP O
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* 2.2.1.1.3 GREENLAND * Unfortunate
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In my opinion, the Greenland raft o
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FOSSUM VITLYCKE HERREBRO LÖKEBERG
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on the same panel as the boat figur
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Equally, cup-and-rings sometimes ha
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Could this be an indication of a ma
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Such human figures have been labell
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earlier rosette figures and the cup
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FIGURE 155: FINNTORP, PHASES OF ENG
Page 201 and 202: solar symbolism as well. Later in t
Page 203 and 204: � CHAPTER 2.2.4 � GALICIA: THE
Page 205 and 206: animals, probably because of lack o
Page 207 and 208: The fact that this is not the case,
Page 209 and 210: FIGURE 161: OS CARBALLOS. M. van HO
Page 211 and 212: � SCANDINAVIAN SOLAR ANIMALS �
Page 213 and 214: of the two smaller animals at Lombo
Page 215 and 216: For the rest, combinations of cup-a
Page 217 and 218: place in rather peaceful cultures,
Page 219 and 220: A B� FIG. 174: A: RI CRUIN CIST;
Page 221 and 222: If indeed this engraving is a true
Page 223 and 224: other sites known to depict weaponr
Page 225 and 226: Illapel and La Silla belong to the
Page 227 and 228: * 3.1.3 COMPLEX MOTIFS * From the a
Page 229 and 230: � 3.2 THE CUP-AND-RING IN EUROPE
Page 231 and 232: The best way to achieve and maintai
Page 233 and 234: executed. This may explain why the
Page 235 and 236: and it seems that cup-and-ring site
Page 237 and 238: * 3.2.3 ENTRANCES TO THE SPIRIT WOR
Page 239 and 240: suggested that cupules symbolise th
Page 241 and 242: * 3.2.5 THE SIGNIFICANCE OF CUPULES
Page 243 and 244: These migrations and explorations c
Page 245 and 246: andomly placed on the rocks, were e
Page 247 and 248: Later in the Neolithic more revolut
Page 249 and 250: The section below serves to acknowl
Page 251: 14. BEDNARIK, R. G. 1996. Early roc
Page 255 and 256: 63. MARK, R. & NEWMAN, E. 1995. Cup
Page 257 and 258: 88. PETTERSSON, J. & G. KRISTIANSSO
Page 259 and 260: 113. VAN HOEK, M. 1988b. Possible
Page 261: 137. VAN HOEK, M. & SMITH, C. 1988.
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