Maarten van Hoek The Geography of Cup-and-Ring ... - StoneWatch

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* 1.2.1.2.4 THE EAST ROUTE The east route runs from the Firth of Clyde via Loch Fyne and passes the Isle of Bute and the Cowal peninsula. Remarkably, the Isle of Bute has a large number of only simple rock art sites, often running uphill in linear groups, but mainly at its west coast (Fig. 188) and concentrated north of Ettrick Bay, significantly overlooking the entrance of the Kyles of Bute. Only one group exists on Bute’s east coast and is significantly positioned opposite a similar group on the west coast of Cowal at a point still serviced by modern ferries. The majority of sites on Bute is moreover found at the entrance of the narrow Kyles of Bute and again rock art sites are strikingly found opposite each other (Fig. 188). The whole Bute-Cowal group also marks the entrance to Loch Fyne, together with another group at Skipness in Kintyre, on the coast opposite Cowal (Fig. 188). Equally accessible bays on the east coast of Bute have clearly been ignored, although the route to the important rock art sites near Glasgow (for instance Greenland and Whitehills) passed really close to those eastern bays. Similarly, it is remarkable that there is no rock art near the most accessible and sheltered bay of Sannox on the north coast of the isle of Arran This may indicate that migration was mainly directed towards northern and eastern areas. From a small bay on Loch Fyne, called Loch Gilp (Fig. 188), a string of petroglyphic sites runs inland over a distance of about 10 km from the first site at Blairbuie (1 in Fig. 4) to the important archaeological complex at Torbhlaran (7). Again, the distribution patterns of fixed rock art sites on the east route seem to mark the way to Loch Awe by way of lines of intervisibility, rather than focussing on the megalithic complexes in the Kilmartin valley. It is most likely that one travelled up the former sea-loch (indicated as a swamp in Fig. 14) and landed near Cairnbaan (4 in Fig. 4). Then the petroglyphic sites on the hill slopes east of the sea-loch overlooked the route rather than indicating the route itself. An important cairn, incorporating decorated stones, may still overlook the ancient landing site at Cairnbaan. It is possible that the standing stones east of the sea-loch indicate the later route overland, after the loch turned into an inaccessible swamp. * 1.2.1.2.4.1 In my opinion, the sites at Achnabreck and Blairbuie were selected by people who deliberately deviated from the main route in order to create ritual places overlooking the route and landing place. Bradley (1997) suggests that such petroglyphs and their setting were possibly intended to convey specific messages to an audience of strangers (see however Galicia), but equally these sites also addressed travellers and the people who lived in the neighbourhood. M. van HOEK: 24 GEOGRAPHY
photo photo photo FIG. 14: THE EAST ROUTE NEAR THE KILMARTIN VALLEY. AT EACH SITE THE MAXIMUM NUMBER OF RINGS IS GIVEN M. van HOEK: 25 GEOGRAPHY
Page 1: The World of Petroglyphs CD Special
Page 4 and 5: Impressum: Stonewatch Society for c
Page 7 and 8: M. van HOEK: GEOGRAPHY INDEX PART 1
Page 9 and 10: lifetime job. For instance, it took
Page 11 and 12: * 1.1.2 THE LIMITS OF THE SUBJECT *
Page 13 and 14: geomorphologic characteristics of t
Page 15 and 16: The Irish island has three major op
Page 17 and 18: � CHAPTER 1.2.1 � THE KILMARTIN
Page 19 and 20: It is certain that, also in the Kil
Page 21 and 22: possible site of menhir 8 are surro
Page 23 and 24: interfered with their observations.
Page 25 and 26: * 1.2.1.2 PETROGLYPHS AND INTERVISI
Page 27 and 28: * 1.2.1.2.1.1 The west route initia
Page 29: and the possible landing site. View
Page 33 and 34: Achnabreck is a complex of nine wid
Page 35 and 36: standing stone in Fig. 6) and for t
Page 37 and 38: The situation in the study area dif
Page 39 and 40: art sites in the study area (and el
Page 41 and 42: major route through the interior, a
Page 43 and 44: * 1.2.2.1.3 Still further east anot
Page 45 and 46: the rock art groups as their ritual
Page 47 and 48: elatively level land. These groups
Page 49 and 50: top of a protruding rock shelter. I
Page 51 and 52: map map map map map FIG. 26b: BRADL
Page 53 and 54: impossible that these two sites eve
Page 55 and 56: * 1.2.3.2.5 The group north of Roth
Page 57 and 58: illus FIGURE 32: VIEWS FROM THE CHA
Page 59 and 60: not mean that this has been intende
Page 61 and 62: concentrations of stone circles and
Page 63 and 64: my study area. Their distribution m
Page 65 and 66: on the coast opposite Muros peninsu
Page 67 and 68: illus FIGURE 39: PETROGLYPH SITES A
Page 69 and 70: FIG.42: SANTA TECLA, CASTRO. instan
Page 71 and 72: small bit of the Taxes valley (mark
Page 73 and 74: Moreover, from whatever direction t
Page 75 and 76: argue that all these sites command
Page 77 and 78: One petroglyph outcrop stone is eve
Page 79 and 80: � CHAPTER 1.3.2 � GARGAMALA, A
Page 81 and 82:
FIGURE 52: VISIBILITY FROM THE SITE
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encircle the ridge. Also the distri
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idge, centring on sites 3 and 4. Wh
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APPENDIX 1 AN INVENTORY OF THE ROCK
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Group 7C. Described by COSTAS GOBER
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and is approximately 1 to 0.5 cm de
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� CHAPTER 1.4 � THE ALPS, THE B
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* 1.4.1.1.1 There indeed prove to b
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* 1.4.1.1.2 Although the Alps are r
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FIG. 63: PART OF COREN DE LE FATE,
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floodplain of the valley of the Upp
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This rock also features a small cup
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idge called Crete des Barmes, only
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� CHAPTER 1.4.2 � ELVAS AND SPR
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photo photo photo photo FIG. 77: TH
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found linearly grouped along a stee
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undertaken (Figs 84 and 85). The tr
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FIGURE 87: SPRONS 2. The lack of ro
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especially dealing with the distrib
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In many rock art regions there seem
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occur in a vast area. Many cupules
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� CHAPTER 1.5.1 � DISTRIBUTION
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icecap first caused the land to sin
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the study area, especially in Swede
Page 130 and 131:
Page 132 and 133:
illus. illus. FIG. 97: ROCK ART DIS
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islands in bays or in lake systems
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* 1.5.3.1.1 It is remarkable that r
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* 1.5.3.2.2 Probably the youngest r
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* 1.5.3.2.4.1 Almost every part of
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claiming the rock art at Helgaberg/
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This notch is also the first natura
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Another cupuled stone has been repo
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Swedish distribution moreover echoe
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APPENDIX 2. Spreadsheet summarising
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APPENDIX 4. A HORDALAND (Area 2) 37
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APPENDIX 6 There is always a proble
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� CHAPTER 2.1 � DISTRIBUTION OF
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centripetal pull. Not only impressi
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* 2.1.1 THE ALPINE SITUATION * We a
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* 2.1.2 THE BRITISH ISLES * Contrar
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FIGURE 129. BALLOCHMYLE. THIS IS A
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* 2.1.3 GALICIA * Unfortunately, th
Page 171 and 172:
The distribution in south Sweden is
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� CHAPTER 2.2 � INSTANCES OF
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G stops at motif D. This proves tha
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example occurs at Gargamala 7J, Gal
Page 179 and 180:
“....but 3 is special. It is one
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ILLUS FIGURE 140: ROCK ART ON TOP O
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* 2.2.1.1.3 GREENLAND * Unfortunate
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In my opinion, the Greenland raft o
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FOSSUM VITLYCKE HERREBRO LÖKEBERG
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on the same panel as the boat figur
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Equally, cup-and-rings sometimes ha
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Could this be an indication of a ma
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Such human figures have been labell
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earlier rosette figures and the cup
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FIGURE 155: FINNTORP, PHASES OF ENG
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solar symbolism as well. Later in t
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� CHAPTER 2.2.4 � GALICIA: THE
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animals, probably because of lack o
Page 207 and 208:
The fact that this is not the case,
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FIGURE 161: OS CARBALLOS. M. van HO
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� SCANDINAVIAN SOLAR ANIMALS �
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of the two smaller animals at Lombo
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For the rest, combinations of cup-a
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place in rather peaceful cultures,
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A B� FIG. 174: A: RI CRUIN CIST;
Page 221 and 222:
If indeed this engraving is a true
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other sites known to depict weaponr
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Illapel and La Silla belong to the
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* 3.1.3 COMPLEX MOTIFS * From the a
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� 3.2 THE CUP-AND-RING IN EUROPE
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The best way to achieve and maintai
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executed. This may explain why the
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and it seems that cup-and-ring site
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* 3.2.3 ENTRANCES TO THE SPIRIT WOR
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suggested that cupules symbolise th
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* 3.2.5 THE SIGNIFICANCE OF CUPULES
Page 243 and 244:
These migrations and explorations c
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andomly placed on the rocks, were e
Page 247 and 248:
Later in the Neolithic more revolut
Page 249 and 250:
The section below serves to acknowl
Page 251 and 252:
14. BEDNARIK, R. G. 1996. Early roc
Page 253 and 254:
39. COSTAS GOBERNA, F. J., NOVOA Á
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63. MARK, R. & NEWMAN, E. 1995. Cup
Page 257 and 258:
88. PETTERSSON, J. & G. KRISTIANSSO
Page 259 and 260:
113. VAN HOEK, M. 1988b. Possible
Page 261:
137. VAN HOEK, M. & SMITH, C. 1988.
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Maarten van Hoek The Geography of Cup-and-Ring ... - StoneWatch

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