Maarten van Hoek The Geography of Cup-and-Ring ... - StoneWatch

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50. HASSELROTH, P. & A. OHLMARKS. 1966. Hällristningar. Stockholm, Sverige. (H) 51. HADDOW, A. J., D. R. HANNAY & D. TAIT 1974. The Nether Largie standing stones, Kilmartin. The Kist 8: 2 - 13. Lochgilphead, Scotland. 52. HALLER, F. 1978. Die Welt der Felsbilder in Sudtirol, Schalenund Zeichensteine. Heko Verlag, Danstadt. Deutschland. 53. HEMTUN, B. 1998. Law of the Naked. Privately published on CD- ROM. Mellerud, Sverige. (D) 54. HULTKRANZ, Å. 1989. Hällristningsreligion, Hällristingar och Hällmålningar i Sverige. Helsingborg, Sverige. (R) 55. KAUL, F. 1998. Solhesten; på bronzer og på sten. Adoranten 1998: 5 – 33. Underslös, Sverige. 56. KUHN, H. 1966. The rock pictures of Europe. London, England. 57. LEE, G. 1992. The rock art of Easter Island; Symbols of Power, Prayers to the Gods. Monumenta Archaeologica 17. Los Angeles, U.S.A. 58. LEE, G. 1995. Rapa Nui; Storia dell’Isola di Pasqua. Jaca Book, Milano, Italia. 59. LEE. G. & E. STASACK 1999. Spirit of Place. Petroglyphs of Hawai’i. Los Osos, California, U.S.A. 60. LEWIS-WILLIAMS, J. D. & T. A. DOWSON, 1990. Through the veil: San rock paintings and the rock face. South African Archaeological Bulletin 45, 5-16. Witwatersrand, South Africa. 61. MACKIE, E. W. & DAVIS, A. 1989. New light on Neolithic Rock Carving, The petroglyphs at Greenland (Auchentorlie), Dunbartonshire. Glasgow Archaeological Journal 15, 125 – 155. Glasgow, Scotland. 62. MANDT LARSEN, G. 1972. Bergbilder in Hordaland. Oslo, Norge. (M) M. van HOEK: 248 GEOGRAPHY
63. MARK, R. & NEWMAN, E. 1995. Cup and ring petroglyphs in northern California and beyond. In: J. Steinbring (ed.), Rock Art studies in the Americas, Oxbow Monograph 45, 13-21. Oxford, England. 64. MARSHAK, A. 1986. The eye is not as clever as it thinks it is. Comment on Paul Bahn. Rock Art Research 3-2: 111-116. Melbourne, Australia. 65. MARSTRANDER, S. 1946. Helleristninger in Østfold. Borgarsyssel Museum, Sarpsborg, Norge. 66. MENARA, H. 1984. Südtiroler Urwege; ein Bildwanderbuch. Athesia, Bozen, Italia. 67. McNICKLE, H. P. A survey of rock art in the Victoria River District, Northern territory. Rock Art Research 8-1: 36-46. Melbourne, Australia. 68. MILSTREU, G. 1994. Nyt fra museets arbejdsmark. Adoranten 1994: 50-53. Underslös, Sverige. (A) 69. MILSTREU, G. 1997. Nyt fra museets arbejdsmark. Adoranten 1997: 69-74. Underslös, Sverige. (A) 70. MILSTREU, G. & H. PRØHL. 1996. Dokumentation och registrering av hällristningar i Tanum. No. 1. Tanums Hällristiningasmuseum Underslös, Sverige. (A) 71. MOE, S. & E. ØSTMO. 1994. Norske Helleristninger. Norge. (O) 72. MORRIS, R. W. B. 1977. The prehistoric rock art of Argyll. Dolphin Press, Poole, England. 73. MORRIS, R. W. B. 1979. The prehistoric rock art of Galloway and the Isle of Man. Poole, England. 74. MORRIS, R. W. B. 1981. The prehistoric rock art of southern Scotland. B.A.R British Series, 86. Oxford, England. 75. MORRIS, R. W. B. The cup-and-ring motif in the rock art of the British Isles and in America. The Epigraphic Society 17, 19-30. 76. MORRIS, R. W. B. 1990. Cup-and-ring mark dating. Glasgow Archaeological Journal 16, 85-86. Glasgow, Scotland. M. van HOEK: 249 GEOGRAPHY
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The World of Petroglyphs CD Special
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Impressum: Stonewatch Society for c
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M. van HOEK: GEOGRAPHY INDEX PART 1
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lifetime job. For instance, it took
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* 1.1.2 THE LIMITS OF THE SUBJECT *
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geomorphologic characteristics of t
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The Irish island has three major op
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� CHAPTER 1.2.1 � THE KILMARTIN
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It is certain that, also in the Kil
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possible site of menhir 8 are surro
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interfered with their observations.
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* 1.2.1.2 PETROGLYPHS AND INTERVISI
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* 1.2.1.2.1.1 The west route initia
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and the possible landing site. View
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photo photo photo FIG. 14: THE EAST
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Achnabreck is a complex of nine wid
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standing stone in Fig. 6) and for t
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The situation in the study area dif
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art sites in the study area (and el
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major route through the interior, a
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* 1.2.2.1.3 Still further east anot
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the rock art groups as their ritual
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elatively level land. These groups
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top of a protruding rock shelter. I
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map map map map map FIG. 26b: BRADL
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impossible that these two sites eve
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* 1.2.3.2.5 The group north of Roth
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illus FIGURE 32: VIEWS FROM THE CHA
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not mean that this has been intende
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concentrations of stone circles and
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my study area. Their distribution m
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on the coast opposite Muros peninsu
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illus FIGURE 39: PETROGLYPH SITES A
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FIG.42: SANTA TECLA, CASTRO. instan
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small bit of the Taxes valley (mark
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Moreover, from whatever direction t
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argue that all these sites command
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One petroglyph outcrop stone is eve
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� CHAPTER 1.3.2 � GARGAMALA, A
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FIGURE 52: VISIBILITY FROM THE SITE
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encircle the ridge. Also the distri
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idge, centring on sites 3 and 4. Wh
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APPENDIX 1 AN INVENTORY OF THE ROCK
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Group 7C. Described by COSTAS GOBER
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and is approximately 1 to 0.5 cm de
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� CHAPTER 1.4 � THE ALPS, THE B
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* 1.4.1.1.1 There indeed prove to b
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* 1.4.1.1.2 Although the Alps are r
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FIG. 63: PART OF COREN DE LE FATE,
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floodplain of the valley of the Upp
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This rock also features a small cup
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idge called Crete des Barmes, only
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� CHAPTER 1.4.2 � ELVAS AND SPR
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photo photo photo photo FIG. 77: TH
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found linearly grouped along a stee
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undertaken (Figs 84 and 85). The tr
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FIGURE 87: SPRONS 2. The lack of ro
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especially dealing with the distrib
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In many rock art regions there seem
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occur in a vast area. Many cupules
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� CHAPTER 1.5.1 � DISTRIBUTION
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icecap first caused the land to sin
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the study area, especially in Swede
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illus. illus. FIG. 97: ROCK ART DIS
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islands in bays or in lake systems
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* 1.5.3.1.1 It is remarkable that r
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* 1.5.3.2.2 Probably the youngest r
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* 1.5.3.2.4.1 Almost every part of
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claiming the rock art at Helgaberg/
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This notch is also the first natura
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Another cupuled stone has been repo
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Swedish distribution moreover echoe
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APPENDIX 2. Spreadsheet summarising
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APPENDIX 4. A HORDALAND (Area 2) 37
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APPENDIX 6 There is always a proble
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� CHAPTER 2.1 � DISTRIBUTION OF
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centripetal pull. Not only impressi
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* 2.1.1 THE ALPINE SITUATION * We a
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* 2.1.2 THE BRITISH ISLES * Contrar
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FIGURE 129. BALLOCHMYLE. THIS IS A
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* 2.1.3 GALICIA * Unfortunately, th
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The distribution in south Sweden is
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� CHAPTER 2.2 � INSTANCES OF
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G stops at motif D. This proves tha
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example occurs at Gargamala 7J, Gal
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“....but 3 is special. It is one
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ILLUS FIGURE 140: ROCK ART ON TOP O
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* 2.2.1.1.3 GREENLAND * Unfortunate
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In my opinion, the Greenland raft o
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FOSSUM VITLYCKE HERREBRO LÖKEBERG
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on the same panel as the boat figur
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Equally, cup-and-rings sometimes ha
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Could this be an indication of a ma
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Such human figures have been labell
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earlier rosette figures and the cup
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FIGURE 155: FINNTORP, PHASES OF ENG
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solar symbolism as well. Later in t
Page 203 and 204: � CHAPTER 2.2.4 � GALICIA: THE
Page 205 and 206: animals, probably because of lack o
Page 207 and 208: The fact that this is not the case,
Page 209 and 210: FIGURE 161: OS CARBALLOS. M. van HO
Page 211 and 212: � SCANDINAVIAN SOLAR ANIMALS �
Page 213 and 214: of the two smaller animals at Lombo
Page 215 and 216: For the rest, combinations of cup-a
Page 217 and 218: place in rather peaceful cultures,
Page 219 and 220: A B� FIG. 174: A: RI CRUIN CIST;
Page 221 and 222: If indeed this engraving is a true
Page 223 and 224: other sites known to depict weaponr
Page 225 and 226: Illapel and La Silla belong to the
Page 227 and 228: * 3.1.3 COMPLEX MOTIFS * From the a
Page 229 and 230: � 3.2 THE CUP-AND-RING IN EUROPE
Page 231 and 232: The best way to achieve and maintai
Page 233 and 234: executed. This may explain why the
Page 235 and 236: and it seems that cup-and-ring site
Page 237 and 238: * 3.2.3 ENTRANCES TO THE SPIRIT WOR
Page 239 and 240: suggested that cupules symbolise th
Page 241 and 242: * 3.2.5 THE SIGNIFICANCE OF CUPULES
Page 243 and 244: These migrations and explorations c
Page 245 and 246: andomly placed on the rocks, were e
Page 247 and 248: Later in the Neolithic more revolut
Page 249 and 250: The section below serves to acknowl
Page 251 and 252: 14. BEDNARIK, R. G. 1996. Early roc
Page 253: 39. COSTAS GOBERNA, F. J., NOVOA Á
Page 257 and 258: 88. PETTERSSON, J. & G. KRISTIANSSO
Page 259 and 260: 113. VAN HOEK, M. 1988b. Possible
Page 261: 137. VAN HOEK, M. & SMITH, C. 1988.
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