Rapporten - SBU

Table 3.2.12 PECS.
Author
Year
Reference
Country
Howlin et al
2007
[50]
United
Kingdom
Study design
Aim
Design
RCT. A 3-arm
randomised
controlled trial
Aim
To determine if
expert guidance to
teachers in specialist
school settings
in the use of PECS
led to increases in
spontaneous communication,
PECS
use and speech in
non-verbal children
with ASD
Population
characteristics
Diagnosis
Formal clinical diagnosis
of autism and to meet
criteria for autism or
autism spectrum dis-
order on the ADOS-G
No of participants
At start 88 children
in 18 classes
Gender (final group)
I1: boys n=21, girls n=5
I2: boys n=27, girls n=3
C: boys n=25, girls n=3
Age
4–11 years;
mean 6.9 years
216 Autismspektrumtillstånd – diAgnostik och insAtser,
KAPITEL 3 • sysTEmATIsK LITTErATurövErsIKT – insAtser vid Ast
217
vårdens orgAnisAtion och pAtientens delAktighet
Intervention Follow up period
Drop-out rate
I1: Immediate
treatment group.
PECS workshop,
13 hours, for
teachers, support
staff, speech and
language therapists
and parents. 6 halfday
school-based
training with expert
consultant over
5 months.
n=30
I2: Delayed treatment
group. Treatment as
above.
n=30 (+ one child
at time 2)
C: No treatment.
n=29
ADOS-G = Autism diagnostic observation schedule-generic; ASD = Autism spectrum disorder;
BPVS = British picture vocabulary scales; C = Control group; EOWPVT = Expressive
one word picture vocabulary test; I = Intervention group; IQ = Intelligence quotient;
n = Number of patients; ns = Non-significant; p = Probability coefficient; PECS = Picture
exchange communication system; RCT = Randomised controlled trial
Assessments
At baseline (time 1),
after treatment of
I1 (time 2), and after
treatment of I2 (time 3)
Drop-outs (time 3)
I1: n=5
I2: n=7
C: n=1
Main results Study Quality
Comments
Behaviour/observation
ADOS-G
Communication and reciprocal
social interaction. Directly after
treatment: ns
Videotape of snack-time sessions
in classroom (mean 11.1 min)
Frequencies of child
communication initiations:
At time 2: I1>C (p C (p C (p C (p