The psychopathology of everyday art: a quantitative Study - World ...

Table 2. Diagnostic groups for 70 studies with criterion measures. Frequency and
percentage by levels of result.
Result 1: sig.
association
Diagnosis, condition 1 n=42
freq %
schizophrenia
emotional trauma
drug/alcohol
psychotic phobia
neurological damage
depression
conduct disorder
retarded
gender disorder
personality disorder
mixed patients
11 26.2
5 11.9
1 2.4
2 4.8
5 11.9
4 9.5
1 2.4
3 7.1
0 0.0
1 2.4
8 19.0
Result 2: no
association
n=28
freq %
7 25.0
2 7.1
0 0.0
1 3.6
2 7.1
2 7.1
1 3.6
2 7.1
1 3.6
0 0.0
10 35.7
Result 1: significant association of measure with criterion test.
Result 2: no association of measure with criterion test
Table 3. Non-Parametric test to show differences between study factors for findings of
association and non-association of art-test with criterion measure. Mann-Whitney U -
Wilcoxian Rank Sum Test.
Study variables Mean Rank for
association of
test- criterion
n=42
Age group
Diagnosis
Criterion form
No. of criterion
measures
Art-test form
Comparison
36.58
33.13
30.29
30.67
39.32
39.33
Mean rank for no
association of
test - criterion
n=28
33.88
39.05
43.32
42.75
29.77
29.75
110
Z scores Significance
level.
2-tailed p
value.
-0.6545
-1.2151
-2.8692
-2.5916
-1.9900
-2.1027
0.5128
0.2243
0.0041
0.0096
0.0466
0.0355
There were no biases in demographic variables of age and diagnosis for studies which
showed association or not. The majority of studies which showed associations between
the art test and the criterion measure did not employ other criteria than the clinical
diagnosis and used a mixture of test methods, whereas the tests which found no
associations used predominantly cognitive criteria (IQ or achievement tests), were equally
divided between 0-3 other measures than diagnosis and used primarily formal test