The psychopathology of everyday art: a quantitative Study - World ...

or non-art tests which were not seen at all previously. The actual tests do not
significantly differ in their orientation, but the differences in the other variables tend to
support the trend.
Table 6: Significant variables identified from the Mann-Whitney non-parametric
association test. Frequency and percentage for Group 1, early studies 1973-1977; Group
2, late studies 1992-1996. Changes in methods and measurements.
Variables with scales Early studies
freq %
Measurement method
Formal
Meaning content
Mixed form and content
Behaviour- non-art
Measurement form
Formal comparison
Meaning interpretive
Mixed form and content
Non-art or behaviour
Verbal
Derivation of test
This study self-developed
Adapted existing
Existing
Observational/clinical
7 58
1 8
4 33
7 58
3 25
2 17
10 83
1 8
1 8
Late studies
freq %
5 28
1 6
9 50
3 17
6 33
4 22
2 11
4 22
2 11
7 39
3 17
7 39
1 6
The z values for all variables in Table 5 are negative which indicates linear relations. Over
22 years, similar elements are measured in art tests although there were differences in
orientation towards content and more interpretation of content from the later studies.
Most earlier tests were developed for the research and the later studies used a mix of self
developed and existing tests, but with no greater controls. Controlled comparisons exhibit
the same type of mixed sex and ill-differentiated groups. There is no better match of
controls to condition 1 subjects and results are still ambiguous and inconsistent. Thus,
research into art psychopathology has remained static.
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