The psychopathology of everyday art: a quantitative Study - World ...

Table 5: Non-parametric tests were performed to compare the ranks of categorical study
variables by Year of Study.
GROUP 1 = YEARS 1973-1977 (12 CASES); GROUP 2 = YEARS 1992-1996 (18 CASES)
df=28 for all variables
Variable
Group -
Diagnosis
Orientation
Measurement method
Measurement form
design
test derivation
results
mean
rank 1
15.67
11.00
11.92
12.08
14.92
11.58
16.08
mean
rank 2
15.39
15.17
17.89
17.78
15.89
18.11
15.11
95
z score pooled variance
2 tailed prob.
-0.0857
-0.3644
-1.9695
-1.8276
-0.3664
-2.2196
-0.3122
0.9317
0.7156
0.0489
0.0676
0 7141
0.0264
0.7549
Elements of change over 22 years: t-tests were performed to compare ordinal
demographic variables over the period of the study (22 years) (Table 4), in order to
assess change in research techniques and orientation. The categorical variables were
compared by rank, using the Man-Whitney non-parametric t-equivalent (Table 3b). No
differences were found in demographic variables, in orientation of therapy, measurement
form, the design of the test or the results, but there were differences in the measurement
method (the described purpose of the test). Derivation of the test and measurement form
just missed significance but is considered a strong trend here (see Table 6). Both the early
tests and the later described their methods as formal comparisons or mixed content and
form comparisons, but the earlier studies used more direct formal comparisons and the
later more mixed and more non-art tests. The earlier emphasis on form probably reflects
the exploratory nature of the studies and their developmental basis. Their tests are
almost exclusively self-developed and more sensitive to style and formal elements; the
later studies were more split between self-developed and existing tests. They compared
and described more interpretatively and used behavioural terms, their tests were less
sensitive to form than content comparisons in the same test. They also used behavioural