Carbaryl, Carbofuran, and Methomyl - National Marine Fisheries ...

as listed under the ESA (March 25, 1999, 64 FR 14528). However, once the hatchery
fish return and spawn in the wild, their progeny are considered listed.
Life History
The sockeye salmon life history is one of the most complex of any Pacific salmon species
because of its variable freshwater residency (one to three years in freshwater), and
because the species has several different forms: fish that go to the ocean and back, fish
that remain in freshwater, and fish that do both.
Adult Ozette Lake sockeye salmon enter Ozette Lake through the Ozette River from
April to early August. Adults remain in the lake for an extended period of time (return
April – August; spawn late October-February) before spawning on beaches or in the
tributaries. Sockeye salmon spawn primarily in lakeshore upwelling areas in Ozette Lake
(at Allen’s Bay and Olsen’s Beach). Minor spawning may occur below Ozette Lake in
the Ozette River or in Coal Creek, a tributary of the Ozette River. Sockeye salmon do
not presently spawn in tributary streams to Ozette Lake. However, they may have
spawned there historically. Eggs and alevins remain in gravel redds until the fish emerge
as fry in spring. Fry then migrate immediately to the limnetic zone in Ozette Lake, where
the fish rear. After one year of rearing, in late spring, Ozette Lake sockeye salmon
emigrate seaward as one + smolts. The majority of Ozette Lake sockeye salmon return to
spawn as four year old adult fish, having spent one winter in fresh water and two winters
at sea (NMFS 2005b). As prespawning mortality is unknown, it is unclear what
escapement levels to the spawning aggregations may be.
In Ozette Lake, naturally high water temperatures and low summer flows in the Ozette
River may affect migration by altering timing of the runs (La Riviere 1991). Declines in
abundance have been attributed to a combination of introduced species, predation, loss of
tributary populations, decline in quality of beach spawning habitat, temporarily
unfavorable ocean conditions, habitat degradation, and excessive historical harvests
(Jacobs, Larson et al. 1996)
134